Genes and chromosomes

Question 1

Where are genes found?

Answer 1

In DNA

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

A sequence of DNA bases which code for a polypeptide of functional RNA

Question 3

What determines the order of amino acids in a particular polypeptide?

Answer 3

The order of bases in a gene

Question 4

What is a triplet or a codon?

Answer 4

Three bases which code for an amino acid

Question 5

What is functional RNA?

Answer 5

RNA molecules other than mRNA which carry out a special tasks during protein synthesis , such as tRNA, and rRNA which forms part of ribosomes

Question 6

What is a genome?

Answer 6

The complete set of genes in a cell

Question 7

What is a proteome?

Answer 7

The complete set of proteins that the individual can produce

Question 8

What are introns?

Answer 8

Non-coding sections of DNA

Question 9

What are exons?

Answer 9

Coding sections of DNA

Question 10

How are introns removed?

Answer 10

Splicing

Question 11

What are multiple repeats?

Answer 11

Repeats of DNA sequences which don’t code for amino acids

Question 12

What are alleles?

Answer 12

Multiple forms of the same gene

Question 13

In eukaryotic cells, how many pairs of chromosomes are there?

Answer 13

23 pairs

46 in total

Question 14

What are homologous pairs?

Answer 14

Pairs of matching chromosomes with the same genes and different alleles

Question 15

What do the pairs of matching chromosomes have?

Answer 15

The same genes

Might have different alleles

Question 16

Where will alleles coding for the same characteristic be found on the chromosome?

Answer 16

At the same fixed position

Locus