Anatomy Year 2 Term 1 > GI workbook 1 > Flashcards

GI workbook 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

C

A

Xiphoid process (T6)

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2
Q

J

A

Right costal margin (costal cartilages of ribs 7-10)

(also 12th rib)

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3
Q

H

A

Left costal margin - costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

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4
Q

F

A

iliac crest

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5
Q

B

A

Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASAS)

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6
Q

D

A

Pubic tubercle

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7
Q

E

A

Pubic symphysis

(secondary cartilaginous joint)- made of fibrocartilage + hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

A

A

body of lumbar spine

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9
Q

~

F

A

iliac crest

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10
Q

G

A

sacro-iliac joint

(synovial joint)

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11
Q

What is the name of the ligament, shown in yellow, that acts as an inferior border for the surface marking of the abdomen?

A

Inguinal ligament

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12
Q

A

Label the region and lists what contents can be found

A

Right upper quadrant

  • Liver (right lobe)
  • Gall-bladder
  • Right Kidney
  • Right suprarenal gland
  • Duodenum (first 3 parts)
  • Pylorus of somach
  • Head of pancreas
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13
Q

B

Label the region and lists what contents can be found

A

Left upper quadrant

  • Liver (left lobe)
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum
  • Body/tail of pancreas
  • Superior part of descending colon
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14
Q

C

Label the region and lists what contents can be found

A

Right lower

  • ileum (majority)
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Right ureter
  • Ascending colon
    *Overy/uterius or ductus deferens
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15
Q

Label the region and lists what contents can be found

D

A

left upper quadrant

  • sigmoid colon
  • Distal descending colon
  • lefter ureter
  • overy/uterus
  • ductus deferens
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16
Q

The horizontal plane is called the ?

A

Trans-umbilical plane

(T10)

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17
Q

The vertical plane is called the ?

A

Median plane

(follow the Linea Alba from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis)

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18
Q

1

A

Subcostal plane L3

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19
Q

2

A

Trans-tubercular plane

(runs through the tubercle of iliac crest and the body of the 5th lumbar vertebrae)

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20
Q

3

A

Right and Left mid-clavicular line

(run from the middle of the calvicle to the middle of the inguinal ligament).

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21
Q

A

Label the region and list what contents is found there

A

Right hyperchrondriac

* Liver (right lobe)
* Gall-bladder
* Ascending colon
* Transverse colon
* Right kidney

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22
Q

B

Label the region and list what contents is found there

A

Epigastric

* Esophagus
* Liver
* Pancreas
* Stomach
* Transverse colon
* Spleen
* R/L kidney
* R/L ureters

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23
Q

C

Label the region and list what contents is found there

A

Left hypochondriac

* Liver (top of left lobe)
* Stomach
* Left kidney
* spleen
* Tail of pancreas
* Descending colon
* Transverse colon

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24
Q

D

Label the region and list what contents is found there

A

Right lumbar
* small intestine
* right kidney
* Tip of liver (right lobe)
* asecending colon

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25
E
umbilical *** stomach * pancreas * Transverse colon** * small intestine * R/L ureter
26
F Label the region and list what contents is found there
Left lumbar * Descending colon *** portion of Small intestine (jejunum)** * Tip of left kidney
27
G Label the region and list what contents is found there
Right inuginal *** Appendix * Cecum * Ascending colon * Right ovary * Right fallopian tube** * Small intestine (ileum)
28
H Label the region and list what contents is found there
Hypogastric region *** sigmoid colon * rectum * urinary bladder** * right and left ureters * small intestine
29
What is found in region H in females?
Hypogastric region Left/Right ovary Left/right fallopian tube Uterus
30
What is found in region H in males?
Ductus deferens Prostate Seminal vesicles
31
I Label the region and list what contents is found there
Left inguinal * Sigmoid colon * Descending colon * Small intestine * Left ovary/fallopian tube - women
32
What is a dermatome?
area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
33
What dermatome is the umbilicus in?
T10
34
What dermatome are the nipples in?
T4
35
The **vertebral** level of the umbilicus is ?
L3/L4 (is different to the dermatome - T10)
36
1
nipples - T4
37
2
umbilicous T10
38
3
Xiphoid process T6
39
4
Inguinal/pubic region - L1
40
5
C4
41
6
Cranial nerve 5 - trigeminal verve
42
6a
CNV - trigeminal - V1 ophthalmic
43
6b
Trigeminal nerve 2nd division V2 maxillary
44
6c
CNV5 trigeminal v3 mandibular division (controls muscles of mastication)
45
label a? what is it made of anteriorly?
Reatus sheath Anteriorly (aponeurosises "tendons" of the flat muscles) upper 3/4 - external/interal obliques lower 1/4 - all 3 flat muscles
46
what muscles are enclosed with a?
Rectus sheath - rectus abdominis - pyramidalis also neurovascular of anterior abdominal wall
47
what neurovascular is contained within a?
- superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins - superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose with each other at the level of umbilicus after entering into the rectus sheath. - lymphatic vessels, - termination parts of lower 6 thoracic nerve (T7-T12)
48
b fibre direction
Internal abdominal oblqiue muscle * Superomedial fibres * T7-T12 * L1 * bilateral - compresses abdomenal content, trunk flexion * unilateral - ipsilateral rotation of trunk and ipsilateral later flexion
49
b innervation
internal abdominal oblqiue Anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves L1 Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen, while unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso.
50
b muscle actions
internal abominal oblique - flexion of trunk - rotation of trunk (same side) - compression of abdominal content
51
c. fibre direction
rectus adominus - vertical
52
c. actions
Rectus Abdominus (T7-T12) Trunk Flexion Compresses abdominal viscera Depresses ribs (expiration)
53
c. innervation
rectus adominus T7-T11 anterior rami of spinal nerves
54
1 action
Transversus abdominus compresses and suports the abdominal vicera
55
1 innervation
transversus abdominus Anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves L1
56
1 fibres
transversus abdominus horizonal fibres
57
2
Linea alba The aponeuroses of all the flat muscles become entwined in the midline extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis)
58
3 innervation
inernal adominal oblique Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12) and (L1)
59
3 action
internal abdominal oblqiue * Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen, * unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso (same side)
60
ipsilateral
On the same side
61
4 action
external adominal oblique unilaterl contraction * Contralateral rotation of the torso. * Lateral flexion - same side bilateral - flexion of trunk - compression of abdominal contents
62
4 innervation
External abdominal oblique m T7-T12 Bilateral: compresses viscera trunk flexion Unilateral - lateral flexion (ipsilateral) - trunk rotation (contralateral)
63
The rectus sheath is formed from the aponeuroses of three muscles. List them in order from superficial to deep:
1. External obliques 2. Internal obliques 3. Transverse abdominis
64
Within the rectus sheath lie two muscles:
1. Rectus abdominis 2. Pyramidalis muscles
65
blue circle muscle function
Pyramidalis Muscle T12 - tense the linea alba
66
muscle and function
Pyramidalis Muscle - tense the linea alba
67
1.
SKin - epidermis
68
2/3
2. superficial fascia - fatty layer/campers fascia 3. superficial fascia - membranous layer/scarpas fascia
69
4, 5, 6
4- external oblique 5- internal oblique 6. transversus abdominus
70
7
transversus fascia
71
8
extra-peritoneal fascia
72
9
Parietal peritoneum
73
1.
Skin - epidermis
74
# 2. 2,3, 4
Superficial fascia 2. campers - fatty layer 3. scarpa - membranous layer 4. superficial investing fascia
75
5
External oblique
76
6
intermediate investing fascia
77
7.
internal oblqiue
78
8
deep investing fascia
79
9.
Transversus abdominus (T7-T12) compression of abdominal contents
80
10.
transversus fascia
81
11.
extra-peritoneal fat
82
12.
parietal peritoneum
83
What makes up the walls of the rectus sheath posteriorly above the arcurate line?
aponeuroses of - Internal oblique muscle - transversus abdominus
84
What makes up the walls of the rectus sheath posteriorly below the arcurate line?
absent only a layer of transversus fascia + parietal peritoneum
85
What makes up the walls of the rectus sheath anteriorly above the arcurate line? (upper 3/4)
external internal oblique aponeuroses
86
What makes up the walls of the rectus sheath anteriorly below the arcurate line? (lower 3/4)
ALL 3 flat muscles -external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominus
87
greater omentum is derived from?
dorsal mesogastrium
88
transplyoric plane L1 and midclavicular lines
89
Internal oblique muscle T7-T12 Unilateral - ipsilateral rotation and flexion of trunk Bilateral - flexion of trunk and compression of abdo content
90
Rectus sheath contains 1. rectus abdominus 2. pyramidalis
91
acuratae line Anterior Above - EO/IO Below - all 3 Posterior Above - IO and TA aponeurosis Below - nothing TF/parietal peritoneum
92
inferior epigastric arteries branch of External Iliac arteries
93
The superior epigastric arteries are a branch of?
external iliac artery
94
superior epigastric vein drains in o interal thoracic vein
95
inferior epigastric vein drains into?
external iliac vein
96
Caused by portal hypertension anatamoses of paraumbilical veins (portal) and epigastric veins (systemic)
97
Where do the systemic and portal veins anastamose in the oesphagus
lower end of esophagus Left gastric veins (portal) and oesophageal veins (IVC) (systemic)
98
What portal and systemic veins anastamose at the rectum
superior rectal (IMV - portal) and middle/inferior (internal iliac - systemic)
99
ASIS - pubic tubercle formed by aponeurosis of EO
100
Deep inguinal ring - made out of the Transversalis Fascia Above the midpoint of inguinal ligament Lateral to epigastric artery Indirect hernias - congenital condition
101
What is a direct hernia
penetrates directly through abdominal wall of inguinal canal caused by weak abdominal muscles and chronic pressure on the abdominal wall
102
you can locate the superficial inguinal ring which is superior to the pubic tubercle
103
Round ligament ilioinguinal nerve (L1) - through superficial ring genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
104
What 2 structures pass through the inguinal canal in males?
1. spermatic cord 2. ilioinguinal nerve (superficial ring) 3. genitial branch of genitiofemeral nerve
105
iliacus muscle - femerol nerve L2-L4 - inserts into the lessor trochanter of femoral bone - flexion and extension of the thigh at the hip
106
Quadratous lumbarom T12- L4 unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column bilateral - EXTENSION of vertebral column
107
1. gastroduodenal - common hepatic - coeliac (T12) 2. SMA - L1
108
celiac trunk - left gastric artery - splenic artery - common hepatic artery
109
right and left gastro-omental (epiploic) arteries right gastro-omental (gastroduodenal - common hepatic) left gastro-omental (splenic artery)
110
Gastroduodenal artery * right gastroepiploic * superior pancreaticoduodenal
111
the right gastric artery is a branch of
hepatic artery proper common hepatic -> celiac trunk
112
left gastric artery is a branch of
celiac trunk T1
113
splenic and SMV join to form the Hepatic portal vein
114
Small intestine drained by SM lymph nodes - L1 pre-aortic
115
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve L2, L3
116
obturatior nerve L2-L4
117
renal pelvis retroperitoneal - kidney
118
epiploic foramen connects the greater and lesser sacs (allows to communication)
119
greater omentum attaches to 1. greater curvature of stomach 2. transverse mesocolon
120
# ``` ``` what does the lesser omentum attach to
attaches the stomach to the duodenum and liver
121
ligament terres (round ligament) remnant of umbilical vein
122
actions of psoas major
Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh Flexion of trunk/lateral flexion of trunk L1-L3 anterior rami
123
oesophagus superior mediastinum C6-T11 enter via T10 hiatus
124
circular muscle muscularis externa
125
left gastro-omental artery branch of splenic artery
126
the right gastro-omental artery is a branch of
gastroduodenal artery - common hepatic artery - celiac artery
127
green - common bile duct red - main pancreatic duct blue - major duodenal papilla
128
ileum - lots of arcades (arterial loops) - pink colour
129
describe features of jejunum
thick walls red long vasa recta (straight arteries) minimal arcades (loops of arteries)
130
describe the features of the ileum
* thin wall * pink * peyers patches * shorter vasa recta (straight arteries) * lots of arcades (circle loops of arteries)
131
omental appendices/appendages
132
cecum- intraperitonal descending colon - retroperitoneal ascending colon - rettropertioneal transverse colon - intraperiotonal sigmoid colon - intraperitoneal
133
the muscularis externa (longitudinal muscles - teniae coli) - 3 bands
134
midgut and hindgut
135
mcburneys point - point of maximal tenderness in acute appendicitis
136
Transverse colon - middle colic (SMA) - marginal artery (R/L colic artery anastamose)
137
RED - superior rectal vein drains into IMV and then into HPV (portal circulation) YELLOW and GREEN - middle and inferior rectal veins drain into internal iliac vein and systemic circulation
138
blood supply to ascending colon
ileocelic right colic branches of SMA
139
blood supply to descending colon and sigmoid colon
left colic and sigmoid arteries (IMA)
140
internal anal spinchter - smooth involuntary muscle external anal sphincter - skeletal voluntary muscle
141
pectinate line upper 2/3 hingut lower 1/3 ectoderm
142
caudate lobe
143
bear area closely related to the diaphragm
144
hepatic artery proper branch of common hepatic artery -> celiac trunk (T1)
145
central vein -> hepatic veins -> IVC
146
cystic duct and common hepatic duct
147
what is found at the porta hepatis
1. hepatic artery proper 2. hepatic portal vein 3. common bile duct
148
blood supply to pancreas 1. gastroduodenal artery 2. splenic artery 3. SMA celiac plexus block
149
splenomegaly due to Portal hypertension Increased conjugated biliruben, low platelets, low WBC, Anemia
150
small bowel obstruction dilated loops (coiled spring) central only valvulae connivitie
151
toxic megacolon ulcerative colitis
152
tail of pancreas
153
pancreas
154
1. aorta 2. IVC 3. spleen 4. kidney
155
Anatomy Year 2 Term 1
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