ANAT 316 > Head Stuff > Flashcards

Head Stuff Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

The skull is comprised of __ (number) bones divided into ______ and ______.

A

22

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

The neurocranium contains __ bones.

A

8

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3
Q

The viscerocranium contains __ bones.

A

14

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4
Q

The anterior cranial fossa is composed of which 3 bones?

A

Frontal

Ethmoid

Sphenoid (body & lesser wings)

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5
Q

The middle cranial fossa is composed of which 3 bones?

A

Sphenoid (body & greater wings)

Parietal

Temporal

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6
Q

The posterior cranial fossa is composed of which 3 bones?

A

Occipital

Parietal

Temporal

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7
Q

___ bone contributes to roof of orbit (orbital plates).

A

Frontal

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8
Q

____ contributes to medial wall of orbit and nasal cavities.

(Anterior cranial fossa)

A

Ethmoid

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9
Q

Where is pituitary gland located?

A

Sella Turcica

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10
Q

What is the keystone cranial bone?

A

Sphenoid

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11
Q

Neonates have soft connective tissues known as ____.

A

Fontanelles

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12
Q

What are the main contents of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Brainstem

Cerebellum

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13
Q

The cribriform foramina are located in the ____ bone, in the _____ (anterior/middle/posterior) cranial fossa.

A

Ethmoid

Anterior

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14
Q

The internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, and hypoglossal canal are located in the _____ (anterior/middle/posterior) cranial fossa.

A

Posterior

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15
Q

The foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and foramen lacerum are located in the ______ (anterior/middle/posterior) cranial fossa.

A

Middle

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16
Q

In which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass?

A

Foramen lacerum

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17
Q

_ (#) bones contribute to each orbit

A

7

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18
Q

What are the 3 major openings at the posterior of the orbit?

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

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19
Q

There are _ extraocular muscles, _ of them move the eyeball.

A

7

6

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20
Q

Superior oblique (extraocular muscles) passes through _____, which redirects force.

A

Trochlea

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21
Q

The inferior oblique (extraocular muscle) runs from _____ to _____ (opposite of all other extraocular muscles)

A

Anterior

Posterior

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22
Q

____ muscle controls refractive power of lens.

A

Ciliary

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23
Q

Contraction of ciliary muscle (sphincter) decreases its diameter, which _____ (increases/decreases) tension and rounds the lens (for focusing on ___ (near/far) objects).

A

Decreases

Near

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24
Q

The ciliary muscle gets parasympathetic innervation from…

A

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

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25
**Dilator pupillae** gets **sympathetic** innervation from ____.
T1-T4 lateral horns
26
The ______ pierces the **buccinator** to drain into the oral cavity opposite of the 2nd maxillary molar.
Parotid duct
27
The **facial nerve** (CN VII) exits via the ____ foramen, travels through the ____ gland and splits into 5 main branches…. (Name them)
Stylomastoid Parotid 1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Mandibular 5. Cervical
28
Sensory innervation of the face is carried out by which nerve?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
29
Bell’s palsy results from partial or total paralysis of which nerve?
Facial
30
Are eye movements affected by Bell’s palsy?
No
31
At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
32
What are 2 terminal branches of the **external carotid artery**?
Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery
33
Most facial venous blood ultimately drains into the ____ vein.
Internal jugular
34
______: A large network of veins where blood is drained from the brain
Cavernous sinus
35
What is ‘danger triangle’?
Area between corners of the mouth and nose bridge, where infections can potentially spread to the cavernous sinus
36
**Nasal cavities**: paired, pyramidal-shaped spaces, divided by the _______, open anteriorly to the outside and posteriorly to the _______.
Nasal septum Nasopharynx
37
The nasal septum forms the ____ wall of the nasal cavities.
Medial
38
_______: posterior openings of nasal cavities into nasopharynx
Choanae
39
______: external openings (nostrils)
Nares
40
_______: 3x curved bony projections from the **lateral walls** of each nasal cavity, creating channels between them (called _____), which mostly **modify airflow**.
Conchae (turbinates) Meatuses
41
What bone(s) are the conchae made out of?
Superior & middle conchae: ethmoid Inferior concha: separate facial bone
42
What bone(s) make(s) up the **superior/anterior** part of the **lateral** wall (nasal cavities)?
Lacrimal Nasal
43
What bones makes up the **floor** (hard palate) and **lateral** wall of the nasal cavities?
Maxilla Palatine
44
What bones make up the **medial** wall of the nasal cavity?
Vomer (septum) Ethmoid (also makes up roof and lateral walls)
45
What bone makes up the **roof** and *posterior* **lateral** wall of the nasal cavity?
Sphenoid (medial pterygoid plate)
46
What bone makes up the anterior **roof** of the nasal cavity?
Frontal
47
Which bone has **crista galli**?
Ethmoid
48
What do **conchae** do?
They act as baffles, restraining the flow of air to **warm** and **humidify** it (increased surface area of mucosa).
49
The ________ tube connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear, allowing pressure to be equalized on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
Pharyngotympanic
50
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)?
Immune defense (mucosa and mucus) Warming and humidifying inspired air Resonance of the voice Reduce the weight of the skull
51
The maxillary sinus opens behind the…
**Middle** concha
52
The frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses drain into the ______
Middle meatus
53
The sphenoid sinus drains into the ____.
Sphenoethmoidal recess
54
Sinusitis in the maxillary sinus can lead to referred pain where?
Upper teeth (via maxillary nerve V2 branches)
55
**Nasolacrimal duct** drains into ____ cavity in _______, under the ______ nasal concha.
Nasal Inferior meatus Inferior
56
The blood supply to all organs and regions of the head comes from the _____ arteries.
Carotid
57
Ophthamic artery comes off of which artery?
Internal carotid
58
Most _____ artery branches supply blood to the brain.
Internal carotid
59
The ________ artery is the main blood supply to the structures of the neck, face, scalp, and oral and nasal cavities.
External carotid
60
The sphenopalatine artery comes off of what?
Maxillary artery (which comes off of the external carotid artery)
61
Which foramen does the **sphenopalatine** artery pass through to enter the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine foramen
62
True or false? The nasal cavity blood supply comes from the internal carotid artery exclusively.
False, both **internal** (via ophthalmic) and **external** (via maxillary) carotid arteries! (And these vessels **anastomose** extensively)
63
Which nerve innervates the **anterior** nasal cavity?
V1 (Ophthalmic nerve)
64
Which nerve innervates the **posterior** nasal cavity?
V2 (maxillary nerve)
65
Nasal nerves are branches of the _____ nerve.
Maxillary (V2)
66
Larynx goes to the ____ Pharynx goes to the _____
Trachea Esophagus
67
________: posterior opening to oropharynx
Oropharnygeal isthmus
68
Is spicy/hot a taste?
No
69
Palatoglossus is innervated by _____.
CN X (Vagus)
70
Hyoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus are innervated by ______
CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
71
The _____ gland is the largest of 3 salivary glands and is innervated by ____.
Parotid CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)
72
_____ gland: medial to mandible body, ‘bites the mylohyoid, drains via a duct below the tongue at ‘**caruncle**’. It is innervated by _______.
Submandibular CN VII (facial nerve)
73
______ gland: inferior to tongue, drains through its own row of openings, lateral to the caruncle and SM duct. Innervated by ______.
Sublingual CN VII (facial nerve)
74
______ nerve: general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Lingual (branch of Mandibular (CN V3))
75
______: special sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue, parasympathetic innervation to sublingual and submandibular glands (joins the lingual nerve)
Chorda tympani (CN VII)
76
_______: general and special sensation to posterior 1/3 of the tongue (and PSNS to parotid gland)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
77
Blood supply to tongue is primarily from **lingual artery**, a branch of the ______.
External carotid artery
78
Venous drainage via _______ vein (runs with CNXII), and _____ vein (runs with lingual artery), both into _____ vein.
Deep lingual Dorsal lingual Internal jugular
ANAT 316
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