ANAT 316 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is the subpublic angle on a gynecoid pelvis?

A

90-100 degrees

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2
Q

What is the subpubic angle for an android pelvis?

A

~70 degrees

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3
Q

What are the 4 typical pelvic types?

A

Android
Anthropoid
Gynecoid
Platypelloid

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4
Q

What is the general function of the ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Prevent upward tilting of the distal sacrum by pulling the sacrum down towards hip bones (Sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament) and/or reinforcing sacroiliac joint (all)

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5
Q

Name 3 functions of the pelvic floor.

A
  1. Supports abdominopelvic viscera
  2. Maintains urinary/fecal continence
  3. Increases intra-abdominal pressure (w/abdominal wall muscles and diaphragm)
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6
Q

The pelvic wall muscles turn the pelvis into a ‘bowl’ by sealing off the ____ walls, except for a few areas (____ foramina & _______)

A

Lateral

Sciatic
Pelvic outlet

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7
Q

______ and _____ (ligaments) help to form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina (from notches)

A

sacrotuberous ligament (STL)

sacrospinous ligament (SSL)

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8
Q

Which borders of the pelvic inlet make up the linea terminalis?

A

ileopectineal line

pubic crest

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9
Q

Which muscles make up levator ani?

A

puborectalis

pubococcygeus

iliococcygeus

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10
Q

The anorectal junction is normally pulled forward by ____ contraction of the _____ (muscle).

A

tonic (constant)

puborectalis

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11
Q

Name the 3 parts of defecation

A
  1. Increase of intra-abdominal pressure (abdominal wall muscles, diaphragm)
  2. Puborectalis relaxing (straightening of the anorectal junction)
  3. Internal (involuntary) & external (voluntary) anal sphincters relaxing
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12
Q

The apex of the urinary bladder is pointed at the ______.

A

pubic symphysis

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13
Q

The urinary bladder lies ______ (direction) to the rectum, ________ (regarding to peritoneum).

A

anterior

sub-peritoneally

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14
Q

When empty, the urinary bladder is fully within the ______.

A

pelvic cavity (true pelvis)

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15
Q

when full, the urinary bladder expands into the ________.

A

abdominal cavity (false pelvis)

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16
Q

urine enters the bladder through the ______.

A

ureteric orifices

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17
Q

urine exits the bladder via the _____.

A

internal urethral orifice

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18
Q

The prostate gland (when present) is located ______ to the bladder.

A

inferior/posterior

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19
Q

the ureter passes ___ to the gonadal vessels at the level of the iliac crest.

A

posterior

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20
Q

the ureter usually enters the pelvis by crossing the ….

A

bifurcation of the common iliac artery

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21
Q

ureter passes ____ to the common iliac artery into the pelvis.

A

anterior

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22
Q

What is the function of the dartos muscle?

A

smooth muscle that wrinkles skin of scrotum which helps regulate scrotal temperature

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23
Q

The pampiniform plexus drains into the _____.

A

testicular vein

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24
Q

What is the function of pampiniform plexus?

A

regulates temperature of the testes (i.e. absorbs heat from testicular artery)

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25
Which muscle elevates the testes?
Cremaster
26
The **external spermatic fascia** is made from...
External oblique
27
The **cremaster muscle** is made from...
internal oblique
28
The **internal spermatic fascia** is made from...
transversalis fascia
29
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
1. Vas deferens 2. Testicular a. 3. Pampiniform v plexus 4. Genitofemoral n.
30
What is the role of the **epididymis**?
Maturation of spermatozoa and storage (2-3 months)
31
The **tail** of the epididymis is continuous with...
vas deferens
32
The vas deferens (ductus deferens) is a muscular tube, from the ______ to the ______.
tail of epididymis ejaculatory duct
33
What is the function of **seminal vesicles**?
secretes majority of fluid volume of semen. Provides sugars for spermatozoa
34
Seminal vesicles are _____ to the bladder and ____ to the ampulla of vas deferens.
posterior lateral
35
The seminal vesicles join vas deferens to form the _____
ejaculatory duct
36
What is the function of the **prostate** gland?
secretion of alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of vaginal tract
37
The prostate is ____ to the bladder and _____ to the rectum
inferior anterior
38
What gland surrounds the urethra (males)?
prostate
39
What are the 4 divisions of the male urethra?
1. Preprostatic 2. Prostatic 3. Membranous 4. Spongy (penile)
40
What is the function of **bulbourethral** glands?
secretes pre-ejaculatory fluid, lubricates urethra & neutralizes acidic urine
41
**Perineal membrane** provides attachment for...
external genitalia
42
What are the 2 types of erectile tissue that the penis contains?
1. Corpora cavernosa (2x) 2. Corpus spongiosum (1x)
43
What are the 3 parts to the penis?
1. **Root** (bulb = corpus spongiosum. Crura = corpora cavernosa) 2. **Body** (corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum) 3. **Glans** (corpus spongiosum)
44
The skeletal muscles of the penis are associated with which part of it (root/body/glans)?
root
45
______ (muscle): covers crura of penis
ischiocavernosus
46
_______ (muscle): covers the bulb of the penis
bulbospongiosus
47
both skeletal muscles of the penis are innervated by _____.
pudendal n.
48
What are the functions of the 2 skeletal muscles in the penis?
1. Moves blood into penis during erection 2. Emission of semen (ejaculation)
49
What are the steps to an erection?
1. Vasodilation of deep penile aa. (relaxation of smooth mm.) --> filling of erectile tissue 2. Deep dorsal vein is compressed under Buck's fascia, preventing venous outflow 3. Contraction of BS & IC mm. may assists in moving blood into penile erectile tissue
50
The primary symptom of UTI in females is usually...
inflammation of the bladder (cystitis)
51
Inflammation or infection of peritoneal cavity causes fluid to accumulate in ____.
pouches (vesicouterine, rectouterine, rectovesical..)
52
implantation in uterus occurs in the ____.
endometrium (mucosal)
53
the ____ is the normal site of fertilization in the fallopian tubes.
ampulla
54
____: projections that 'catch' ovum during ovulation
fimbriae
55
urinary bladder and vaginal canal are ____peritoneal
sub
56
uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries are ____peritoneal
intra
57
____ can be used to access peritoneum cavity
vaginal canal
58
____: angle between cervix and vaginal canal
version
59
____: angle between cervix and body of uterus
flexion
60
______ (ligament): separates rectouterine and vesicouterine pouches.
broad ligament of the uterus
61
____ (part of broad ligament): largest, attaches body of uterus to L/R pelvic wall
mesometrium
62
____ (part of broad ligament): suspends uterine tube
mesosalpinx
63
_____ (part of broad ligament): suspends ovary
mesovarium
64
labia majora is homologous with ____ (male)
scrotum
65
labia minora is homologous with ____ (male)
ventral skin of penis
66
glans of clitoris is located at _______ of labia minora
anterior junction
67
What is the vaginal vestibule?
region between 2 labia minora (contains urethral and vaginal orifices, and accessory glands)
68
Body of clitoris is formed by ______.
corpora cavernosa
69
Perineum is ____ to pelvic floor.
Inferior
70
______: contains the openings for urogenital and GI systems.
Perineum
71
True or false? Urogenital and anal triangles are in the same plane.
False! UG points inferiorly Anal points posteriorly
72
_____ membrane: anchor for external genitalia
Perineal
73
True or false? The anal triangle contains the same structures for both males and females
True
74
Ischiorectal fossa is **mostly** in ___ triangle.
Anal
75
The anterior anal recess extends between _____ and _____.
Pelvic floor Perineal membrane
76
The ischiorectal (ischioanal) is ______/______ to levator ani.
Inferior Lateral
77
Ischiorectal fossa allows for…
Movement of pelvic floor and expansion of anal canal during defecation
78
The _____ acts as an anchor for many muscles (levator ani, sphincters, bulbospongiosus, transverse perineal mm).
Perineal body
79
The **superficial perineal pouch** contains…
Erectile tissues, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus
80
The **deep perineal pouch** contains…
External urethral sphincter ad bulbourethral glands (male)
ANAT 316
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