Horner's Syndrome

Question 1

What are some features of Horner’s Syndrome?

Answer 1

• Miosis (small pupil)
• Ptosis
• Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
• Anhydrosis (loss of sweating on one side)

Question 2

What is the cause of Horner’s syndrome.

Answer 2

The sympathetic chain (running from skull to coccyx) is damaged at some point.

Question 3

Is the Horner’s syndrome on the opposite side of the lesion?

Answer 3

No, The damage will be on the same side of the lesion.

Question 4

Causes/Lesion placement of Horner’s syndrome can subdivided into 3 categories according to location of anhydrosis? What are these subcategories?

Answer 4

• Central lesions - Horner’s with Anhydrosis of the face arm and trunk
  
  • Lesions of the hypothalamic tract
  • • Pre-ganglionic lesions - Horner’s with Anhydrosis of the face.
• Post-ganglionic lesions - Horner’s with No anhydrosis

Question 5

Give some examples of central lesions that cause Horner’s syndrome with anhydrosis of the face, arm and trunk.

Answer 5

• Stroke
• Syringomyelia
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Tumours
• Encephalitis

Question 6

Give some examples of pre-ganglionic lesions that cause Horner’s syndrome and anhydrosis of the face.

Answer 6

• Pancoast’s tumour
• Thyroidectomy
• Trauma
• Cervical Rib

Question 7

Give some examples of post-ganglionic lesions that cause Horner’s syndrome but no anhydrosis.

Answer 7

• Carotid artery dissection
• Carotid aneurysm
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Cluster headache

Question 8

Answer 8