What are the 2 types of cartilaginous solid joints?
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
What are synchondrosis joints?
Cartilaginous solid joints which are bone-hyaline cartilage-bone
(Ex: growth plate, costal cartilage..)
What are symphysis joints?
Cartilaginous solid joints which are bone-fibrocartilage-bone
(Ex: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs)
What is a joint capsule composed of?
- Fibrous capsule: outer layer; blends w/ ligaments for support
- Synovial membrane: contains cells that produce synovial fluid
- Synovial fluid: reduces friction and nourishes articulation cartilage
- Articulation cartilage: smooth covering on bone ends (no blood supply or nerves)
Where is degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) most likely to occur?
- At weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, spine)
- In frequently used joints (hands, shoulders, thumb base)
What are types of uniaxial joints?
- Plane/gliding (ex: zygapophyseal joints)
- Pivot (ex: axis/atlas)
- Hinge (ex: humeroulnar)
What are types of biaxial joints?
- Saddle (ex: thumb)
- Condyloid (ellipsoid). Ex: wrist (radiocarpal)
What is a type of multi-axial joint?
Ball and socket (ex: hip/shoulder)
What are the parts of skeletal muscle from smallest to largest?
Sacromere —> myofbrils —> myofibers —> fascicle(s) —> named muscle
What are tendons?
Tough, cord-like, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscle to bone
What are properties of tendons?
- Elastic (can stretch slightly)
- Not contractile (cannot generate force)
What is epimysium?
Dense connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle organ
What is perimysium?
Connective tissue surrounding muscle fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers)
What is endomysium?
Connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers (myofiber)
What is fascia?
A sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelops, seperates, or binds together structures such as muscles, organs, and other soft tissues
What are syndesmosis joints?
Fibrous joints linked by strong membranes or ligaments
