LAD

Question 1

Types of Natures can be burnt? (4)

Answer 1

• Propellant
• Gunpowder - bulk, charges and igniters
• SAA, Pyrotechnics and Primers
• HE Projectiles

Question 2

How many SAA and HD 1.4 can be burnt? and what is the safety dist from site and between sites? (3)

Answer 2

• 100kg NEQ
• 100m Safety Dist
• 150m between sites.

Question 3

Types of SAA/Pyro/Primers can be burnt? (7)

Answer 3

• SAA up to 20mm, excluding HE, HEIT or similar.
• Sig and Illum Carts
• Primers SA Carts
• Primers elec and Perc
• Primary Carts
• Matches
• FBT

Question 4

Methods of SAA Burning? (2)

Answer 4

• Drum

- Trench

Question 5

Quantity limits for SAA Burns for Drum and Trench? (2)

Answer 5

Drum: 6000 rnds
Trench: 12000 rnds per square metre at depth of 0.6m

Question 6

When can the quantity of SAA burns be varied?

Answer 6

At discretion of OIC in cases where previous prac experience indicates that increases in quantity are safe and efficient.

Question 7

How much propellant can be burnt? and what is the safety dist from site and between sites? (4)

Answer 7

• 500kg NEQ
• 100m
• 50m
• 24 before same site can be used.

Question 8

What are the limitations of laying bagged charge propellant? (4)

Answer 8

• Laid out in line toward the wind
• Single layer, max width 4m
• Reducing to width 3 bags.
• Igniter to igniter at ignition point when using elec or when meets trail.

Question 9

What are the limitations of laying loose propellant? (4)

Answer 9

• Laid out in line toward the wind
• Max width 1m
• Reducing to single stick at point of initiation
• 2m long from point of initiation to width of 30cm

Question 10

How can you initiate propellant burns and what is the misfire soak time? (3)

Answer 10

• Electrical (ITBFE)
• Propellant trail (matches)
• Misfire 30min soak time

Question 11

What actions do you need to do before and after a propellant burn? (1) (5)

Answer 11

Before:
- Site inspected and removal of extraneous material then watered down.
After:
- Site well watered down
- All fires extinguished
- Unburnt igniters collected with non-ferrous tools
- Unburnt propellant collected and burnt separately
- Removal of extraneous material and watered again.

Question 12

How do you dispose of Pressfit Primers? (3)

Answer 12

• Arrange in Row laying down of standing primer up.
• secure sufficient single strands of detcord to cover primer base.
• OIC to ensure all CC are functioned prior to FFE.

Question 13

What are the special precautions for WP? (10)

Answer 13

• Pers familiar with immediate treatment of WP burns
• Plentiful supply of water readily available
• Min 20L sterilised water reserved for WP burns
• Retired position to be upwind of dems site
• Open range safety dist to be applied
• Boots and implements to be passed through a fire
• No approach until 10mins post last smoke seen
• Remain standing during clearance phase
• Sleeves down and fasted at wrists.
• Gas masks and heavy-duty leather gloves to be worn when approaching and during site clearance.

Question 14

What ammunition fits into what layer in dems LAD? (5)

Answer 14

• Bottom Layer: ammo containing sml qty of HE
• Second Layer: Hvy cased ammo
• Third Layer: light cased ammo
• Top Layer & around stack: bulk Explosives
• Centre of Stack: ammo with smoke composition

Question 15

Why should LAD be confucted below the ground? (4)

Answer 15

• Minimise the effect
• Minimise the effect of frag
• Enhance the effect of the dem charge
• Assists in the containment should partial det occur

Question 16

What is Tamping and it’s purpose?

Answer 16

• Covering demolitions with packed earth/sandbags
  Purpose:
• ensure ammo remains in close contact
• stabilised stack during multiple detonations

Question 17

What disposal method is used for large calibre projectiles to reduce shock, blast and projected frag? (2)

Answer 17

• Post hole Method (Undercut method)

Question 18

What are the minimum dimensions of post hole? (3)

Answer 18

Dia: 30cm
Depth: 1.5m approx
Dist between holes: 2m

Question 19

What are the considerations of undercut method? (4)

Answer 19

• Time and manpower
• HE items to be destroyed
• Condition of ground
• Integrity of undercut

Question 20

Stuckfast Charge Diagram:

Answer 20

Left:
- Charge withdrawal cord
- Tape Bridle
- Styrofoam container
- Blasting cap
- Ejection charge
- Tape wrap
Right:
- Cap lead
- Tape
- Dimension 'A' (dist between centre of chge and top of container)
- Water passage chanels

Question 21

Diagram of Primed projectiles:

Answer 21

X = Primed. O = Unprimed.
     XXX
   OOOO
  XOXOX
 OOOOOO
XOXOXOX

Question 22

What are the two categories of stuck fast projectiles and their causes and who’s responsible? (2)

Answer 22

• Simple Case (no shot travel: misfired/unload with DB engaged). - Unit responsibility
• Abnormal Case (shot travelled and become stuck, failure of obturation) - AT Responsibility

Question 23

Methods for simple case and abnormal case stuck fast projectiles? (2)(1)

Answer 23

Simple:
- Ejection by firing
- Mechanical Ejection
Abnormal:
- Use of an ejection charge.

Question 24

At what distance is the charged placed in the barrel for stuck fast projectiles? (1)

Answer 24

• 457mm from projectile.

Question 25

What are alternate methods for charges used for stuck fast proj in thin walled barrels? (2)

Answer 25

- 1 or more .50cal elec carts | - elec detonators

Question 26

Max limits and requirements of burning gunpowder? (2)

Answer 26

``` - 25kg and wetted prior to disposal (8L sufficient for 25kg) - 7kg max per metre laid - Non-ferrous tools to be used - 50m safety dist upwind - elec initiation ```

Question 27

What HE natures can be disposed of by burning? (3)

Answer 27

- 155mm Howitzer - 105mm Howitzer - 81mm Mortar

Question 28

What is to be removed from HE natures prior to burning? (5)

Answer 28

- Primary/Augmenting charges - Tracers if screw fitted - Metal fuze cups - Red Phos smk boxes - Exploders of Boosters

Question 29

What is the distances/layout/qty limits for burning of HE natures? (5)

Answer 29

- 1/2 calibre between rows - 1 calibre between adjacent proj - Laid so burning is downwind - Not more than 20 per group - Groups not less than 0.6m apart

Question 30

Limitations for disposing of detonators? (

Answer 30

- Place in wooden box in pit - No more than 6 tier high - Sawdust used for stability - Commercial cardboard packaging can remain - Dets placed on last - Don't tamp.