FOUR MAJOR BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
The Principle of Beneficence
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
The Principle of Justice
The term “ Autonomy” comes from Greek words ___________, which means ________, and ______________, which means _________________________________
autos; “self”; nomos; “rule or governance,”
the idea of self-rule, self-governance, or self-determination applies or extends to individuals.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
means acknowledgement of the person’s right to hold views and opinions, to make decisions and choices, and to take action based on personal values, virtues, traditions, and beliefs.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
This autonomy gives rise to the notion of _________________
informed consent.
The choice includes the right to refuse intervention or recommendation about care, and to choose from available alternatives.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
Obtaining informed consent before a procedure.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
Respecting refusal of treatment even if beneficial.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
Protecting confidentiality.
The Principle of Respect for Autonomy
Under the ________ ethics, the concept of nonmaleficence was discussed briefly in relation to ____________
Ross; duties.
As principle, it requires health care professionals to act in such a manner as to avoid causing harm to patients.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
It includes deliberate harm, risk of harm, and other harms that may happen during a procedure.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
It prohibits experimental research that assumes negative impact on participants, and the performance of unnecessary procedures for economic gain or self-interest.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
“Do not do to others what you would not wish done to yourself” -Confucius
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
“Do not do to others that which would cause you pain if done to you” -Mahabharata
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
Preventing medication errors by double-checking doses.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
Avoiding unnecessary procedures.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
Using proper techniques to prevent falls or pressure sores.
The Principle of Non-Maleficence
The term “ Beneficence ” comes from the Latin word _________ , which means_______________, and ____________, meaning ___________________ which means ______________________________
bene; “well” or “good”; facere; “to do or make”; doing what is good.
The Principle of Beneficence has three major components, namely:
- Do or promote good
- Prevent harm
- Remove evil or harm
It is associated with the concept or virtues of kindness, benevolence, altruism or humanitarianism
Principle of Beneficence
is associated with the concepts of fairness, rightfulness, reward or punishment, and equity.
Justice
The principle requires social benefits, like health care services, and social burdens, like payment of taxes, be distributed in accordance with the demand of justice
The Principle of Justice
It implies a sense of duty to treat all people without bias to age, socio - economic status, race, or gender
The Principle of Justice
