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Flashcards in MEMORY Deck (19)
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1
Q

What are the 3 types of HUMAN memory?

A
  • sensory memory
  • Short-term memory
  • Long-term memory
2
Q

What are the diff. types of Long term memory?

A
  • Implicit (unconscious memory)

- Explicit (Conscious memory)

3
Q

Name a type of implicit memory.

A

procedural memory

-riding a cycle

4
Q

Name a 2 types of declarative memory.

A
  • semantic (facts)

- Episodic memory (events)

5
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A
  • the inability to form new memories since the onset of ILLNESS/ INJURY
6
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A
  • difficulty in remembering INFO. PRIOR to onset of illness (childhood memories)
7
Q

How is language affected in dementia?

A
  • lose LANGUAGE skills

- may be withdrawn from social interaction

8
Q

Why may dementia arise in an individual?

A
  • d/t disease of the BRAIN (of a chronic/progressive nature)
  • disturbance to MULTIPLE higher cortical functions (memory, orientation, lang, judgement)
  • consciousness is intact
9
Q

Dementia is commonly seen in which other brain condition?

A
  • Alzheimer’s

- CVD

10
Q

Which symptoms must be presented for Dementia to be diagnosed?

A

2 or MORE of the following:

  • forgetfulness
  • memory loss
  • confusion
  • poor reasoning
  • personality changes
  • inability to focus
  • poor judgement
  • visual perception
11
Q

How may the emotions vary across Dementia, Depression AND dELIRIUM?

A
  • dementia: Shallow, labile, irritable
  • Delirium: aggressive, fearful and irritable
  • Depression: flat, unresponsive
12
Q

What form of perception is seen in Delirum, Dementia and Depression?

A
  • delirium: VISUAL and AUDITORY hallucinations are common
  • Depression: auditory
  • Dementia: 30-40% experience Hallucinations
13
Q

What is the most RAPID assessment for Delirium?

A

4AT

  • Alertness
  • AMT-4 (age/DOB/Place/Current year)
  • Attention (months backwards)
  • Acute/ fluctuating course
14
Q

4AT is NOT the only test to be aware of.

Those with suspected cognitive impairment

A
  • MMSE should be done
  • —give a score out of 30
  • 20-24: mild dementia
  • <12: SEVERE dementia
15
Q

What are disadvantages of MMSE?

A
  • not adjustable for AGE
  • poor examin. of executive fxn
  • may not indicate problem in early stages
16
Q

Name 3 bedside tests.

A

GPCOG (qs for the CARER)
6CIT
CLOCK drawing test

17
Q

What is a rapid screening for MILD cognitive dysfxn?

A
  • MoCA (Montreal cognitive assessment)

- assesses multiple cognitve domains

18
Q

What does the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III bridge the gap between?

A
  • MMSE

- neuropsychological assessments

19
Q

What is the ultimate cut-off score for Dementia and MCI on the ACE-III?

A
  • 88/89 out of 100