MICRO - Bacteria - Protein synthesis inhibitors Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in MICRO - Bacteria - Protein synthesis inhibitors Deck (28)
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1
Q

Linezolid family name

A

Oxazolidinones

2
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Binds 50s, prevents initiation complex formation

3
Q

Linezolid clinical use

A

MRSA, VRE

4
Q

Linezolid toxicity

A

Bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, serotonin syndrome

5
Q

Linezolid mechanism of resistance

A

POINT mutatoin in ribosomal RNA

6
Q

Aminoglycosides: name them

A

Gentamycin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

7
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Binds 30s to inhibit initiation complex formation; causes mRNA misreading; blocks translocation.

Needs O2 for uptake

8
Q

Aminoglycosides clinical use

A

Aerobic gram negative rods.

9
Q

Aminoglycosides synergistic with:

A

beta-lactam antibiotics

10
Q

Aminoglycosides toxicity

A

Neuromuscular blockade, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (increase with loops), teratogen

11
Q

Aminoglycosides resistance:

A

Bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate the drug by: methylation, acetylation, adenylation

12
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA:

A

bind peptidyl transferase on 50s (inhibiting peptide bond formation)

13
Q

Chloramphenicol use:

A

meningitis and RMSF in pregnancy

14
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity:

A

aplastic anemia, anemia, grey baby (via low UDP-GT)

15
Q

Chloramphenicol resistance

A

PLASMID-encoded acetyltransferase inactivates it

16
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

binds 50s blocking translocation

17
Q

Clindamycin use

A

Anaerobic above the diaphragm and GAS

18
Q

Clindamycin toxicity

A

C. diff

19
Q

Macrolides: name them

A

Arithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

20
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Binds 23s of 50s preventing translocation

21
Q

Macrolides use

A

Atypical pneumonias, chlamydia, strep in patients allergic to penicillin, pertussis

22
Q

Macrolides toxicity

A

MACRO: motilin, arythmyas, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia. Increase theophylline (bronchodilator, but cardiotoxic and neurotoxic) and anticoagulants (bleeding)

23
Q

Macrolides resistance:

A

methylation of 23S

24
Q

Tetracyclins: name them

A

Tetracyclin, doxycyclin, minocyclin

25
Q

Tetracyclins use

A

lyme, RMSF, chlamydia, m.pneumonia, acne

26
Q

Tetracyclins toxicity

A

deposit in teeth (discolouration) and bones (inhibit growth) - contraindicated in kids and pregnancy. photosensitivity.

27
Q

Tetracyclins MOA

A

Prevent t-RNA binding. Bound by divalent cations so no milk, antacids, iron.

28
Q

Tetracyclins resistance:

A

decrease uptake or increased efflux via PLASMID-encoded pumps