Misc

Question 1

Which are the thicker strands: actin or myosin?

Answer 1

Myosin

Question 2

Are troponin and topomyosin “guarding” the actin or myosin?

Answer 2

Actin

Question 3

What are some clinical signs of intermittent claudication upon physical examination?

Answer 3

• Cool limb
• Hair loss
• Prolonged capillary refill

Question 4

Chronic limb ischaemia vs chronic limb threatening ischaemia

Answer 4

Chronic limb ischaemia: A general term to describe the range of symptoms and signs of limb ischaemia, can range from asymptomatic to limb threatening

Chronic limb threatening ischaemia: A collection of symptoms and signs depicting a critical reduction perfusion which cannot fulfil rest demands.

Question 5

What does a doppler scan measure?

Answer 5

Blood flow

Question 6

Thrombosis vs Embolism vs Thromboembolism

Answer 6

• Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus, or blood clot, develops in a blood vessel and reduces the flow of blood through the vessel.
• Embolism occurs when a piece of a blood clot, foreign object, or other bodily substance becomes stuck in a blood vessel and largely obstructs the flow of blood.
• A similar condition, thromboembolism, refers to a reduction in blood flow that’s specifically caused by an embolism from a blood clot.

Question 7

How do vascular barorecptors detect blood pressure?

Answer 7

Detect arterial stretch

Question 8

Explain how ST elevation occurs

Answer 8

• Ischaemia in some areas
• Those cells don’t produce enough ATP to keep potassium channels closed
• As a result, there is an outflow of potassium in ischaemic regions
• This causes a relative potential difference to occur, creating a current
• Thus, the normally isoelectric ST segment is now elevated

Question 9

Why does ST depression occur on NSTEMI?

Answer 9

• The infarct is subendocardial
• Therefore, the current now flows away from the electrodes, causing an ST depression

Question 10

What is cardiac ejection fraction?

Answer 10

The amount of blood in each stroke as a percentage of end-diastolic volume