Mod 2 Quiz

Question 1

1. What are the three main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)?

Answer 1

The anatomical organization of the respiratory system allows the respiratory system to perform three main functions: 1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases. (also called respiration)

Question 2

2. What are the three parts of the pharynx? (Review figure to label locations)

Answer 2

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 3

3. Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate

Answer 3

SEE FIGURES in module Hard Palate boney portion that separates the nasal and oral cavities which continues in to the Soft Palate which moves backwards when eating or drinking to prevent entry into nasal cavity.

Question 4

4. True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle.

Answer 4

False: the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not meet on the posterior side

Question 5

5. Label the following figure:

Answer 5

A. Larynx
B. Cartilaginous Rings
C. Bronchi
D. Left Lung
E. Bronchioles

Question 6

5. Label the following figure:

Answer 6

A. Epiglottis
B. Thyroid Cartilage
C. Larynx
D. Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)
E. Cricoid Cartilage
F. Trachea
G. Cartilaginous Rings of Trachea

Question 7

6. What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration?

Answer 7

1- The larynx rises and 2- the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs).

Question 8

7. Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing?

Answer 8

The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.

Question 9

8. What is the glottis?

Answer 9

An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located.

Question 10

9. What is aspiration?

Answer 10

Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs)

Question 11

10. True or False? The left lung has three lobes.

Answer 11

False. The left lung has two lobes. The right lung has three lobes.

Question 12

11. Name two functions of the pleura.

Answer 12

Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity.

Question 13

13. What is the major histology type in the respiratory system?

Answer 13

Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

Question 14

14. What is the name of the “floor” of the epithelium in the respiratory tract?

Answer 14

Basement membrane

Question 15

15. Why are the cells in the respiratory epithelium called columnar cells?

Answer 15

“Rectangular” in shape; taller than they are wide

Question 16

16. What are the wine-glass shaped mucous-producing cells?

Answer 16

Goblet cells

Question 17

17. Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?

Answer 17

Vestibule of the nose

Question 18

18. Describe the purpose of surfactant.

Answer 18

Covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.

Question 19

19. List and describe the two types of alveolar epithelium.

Answer 19

Type 1, Type II
Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries.
Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.

Question 20

20. What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli?

Answer 20

Alveolar macrophages

Question 21

21. Be familiar with the diagram of the alveoli.

Answer 21

Question 22

22. Explain the steps necessary for inhalation.

Answer 22

Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs:
A negative pressure environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space.
The motion of the rib cage: the rib cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs.
The diaphragm: The diaphragm is flattened as it contracts, pulling the lungs open
As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases
Because air pressure outside of the lungs is now greater than inside (where there is negative pressure), air will naturally flow into the lungs

Question 23

23. What is meant that “negative pressure” is created inside the lungs?

Answer 23

This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to naturally flow into the lungs.

Question 24

24. True or false: Exhalation is an active process.

Answer 24

Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs. When the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the pressure is lower.

Question 25

25. What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 25

Hemoglobin combines with the oxygen entering the blood to carry the oxygen in the blood system from the lungs to the cells of the tissues.

Question 26

26. What muscle is largely responsible for providing movement for respiration?

Answer 26

The diaphragm

Question 27

27. Ultimately gas exchange occurs where?

Answer 27

Respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli

Question 28

28. Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what form?

Answer 28

Bicarbonate ion

Question 29

30. Boyle’s law states what?

Answer 29

Gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

Question 30

31. There are three gases in a tank. The partial pressure of the first is 120 mmHg, the pressure of the second is 320 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of the third at 1 atm?

Answer 30

120 mmHg + 320 mmHg = 440 mmHg. 760 mmHg - 440 mmHg =320 mm Hg. (The answer is 320 mm Hg) **Remember that 1 atm = 760

Question 31

32. This law helps explain why warming the air is beneficial to the respiratory system.

Answer 31

Charles’s Law

Question 32

33. This is the amount of air able to be exhaled beyond normal exhalation.

Answer 32

Expiratory reserve volume (typically around 1200mL)

Question 33

34. This is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing.

Answer 33

Tidal Volume

Question 34

35. What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 34

A serious genetic disease of excretory glands, affecting lungs and other organs; it causes production of very thick mucus that interferes with normal digestion and breathing.

Question 35

36. What is pulmonary edema?

Answer 35

An accumulation of fluid in the lungs