Multiple Choice 2

Question 1

Cave Allegory: People spend their lives in a cave, only seeing shadows. Because this is all they have experienced, they assume that all there is in the world is shadows.

Answer 1

Meaning: We are people in the cave! Plato is warning us not to assume that the world is just like the way you’ve experienced it.

Question 2

Cave Allegory 2: A man leaves the cave. The light initially blinds him, but his eyes adjust. He gains knowledge about the real world outside of the cave.

Answer 2

Meaning: Gaining knowledge can be difficult, but the process will be worth it.

Question 3

Cave Allegory 3: The man returns to the cave. Because his new knowledge is different from everything they know, the people in the cave reject his ideas.

Answer 3

Meaning: We should be open-minded to new perspectives. Don’t reject ideas just because they’re different.

Question 4

Just

Answer 4

Right logic, truth, honesty, and justice (virtues, morals, good manners)

Question 5

Unjust

Answer 5

Material success, modern thinking (legal loopholes, winning arguments through cleverness, lying)

Question 6

What topics does Philosophy cover?

Answer 6

“Philosophy studies the fundamental nature of existence, of man, and of man’s relationship to existence.”

Question 7

Metaphysics is the study of

Answer 7

Existence, reality (includes human nature)

Question 8

Epistemology is the study of

Answer 8

Knowledge

Question 9

Ethics is the study of

Answer 9

Values, right vs wrong, how to act

Question 10

Politics is the study of

Answer 10

Proper formation of a government, how to interact in society

Question 11

Esthetics/Aesthetics is the study of

Answer 11

Art

Question 12

We need to know that abstractions…

Answer 12

Form without any knowledge of them forming and guiding our actions. We must be aware.

Question 13

Abstractions are _ and _ which oppose _

Answer 13

Generalizations and principles

Concretes

Question 14

Concretes are _ and _ which oppose

Answer 14

Specifics and particulars

Abstractions

Question 15

Theism is the belief that God…

Answer 15

Exists

Question 16

Deism is the belief that God…

Answer 16

Exists but only as the creator of the universe

Question 17

Atheism is the belief that God…

Answer 17

Does not exist

Question 18

Agnosticism is the belief…

Answer 18

Of being uncertain about whether or not God exists

Question 19

Weak agnosticism is the belief that…

Answer 19

I currently don’t know whether or not God exists

Question 20

Strong agnosticism is the belief that…

Answer 20

It is impossible to know whether or not God exists

Question 21

Many people believe in God based on their

Answer 21

Understanding of the evidence and rational arguments for God’s existence

Question 22

Other people believe in God based…

Answer 22

Faith, based their belief on feelings, not evidence or rational arguments

Question 23

Pascal’s Wager

Answer 23

Starts w/ strong agnosticism; we can never know whether or not God exists.

Despite this, we must choose; our actions reflect a belief in God or not.

Question 24

Meaning of Pascal’s Wager

Answer 24

We should act like we believe in God because it’s the best bet.

Question 25

Problems with Pascal's Wager

Answer 25

God is all-knowing. if you're ACTING like you believe in God, but you don't really believe in God, he won't be fooled. So, you won't get the rewards. There is not just one way to "act like you believe in God." Even if you wanted to follow Pascal's Wager, how would you actually act? You may following the wrong religious guidelines, and you won't get any of the rewards.

Question 26

Evil suffered

Answer 26

This is when people suffer evil from things like a natural disaster or illness.

Question 27

Evil done

Answer 27

This is when people do evil, like robbery or murder.

Question 28

There are two types of Existentialism

Answer 28

Religious and Atheistic

Question 29

What defines Existentialism is the belief that...

Answer 29

Existence comes before essence

Question 30

"There is no human nature,

Answer 30

because there is no God to have a conception if it."

Question 31

Without human nature to use as an explanation for why one acts a certain why, Sarte insists that people need to take...

Answer 31

Responsibility for their own lives and we're responsible for those choices and actions because WE chose them.

Question 32

"In the depths of winter I finally learned that there was in me an invincible summer." - Albert Camus

Answer 32

When things were rough, I dug deep and pushed through whatever was in my way.

Question 33

Existentialism

Answer 33

There is no God

Question 34

Life is Absurd

Answer 34

There is no special meaning or purpose to our lives

Question 35

Life is Absurd because...

Answer 35

People feel drawn to find a meaning in their lives, but there is none. (Everything is equally unimportant, significance of chance, nothing outside of us can give meaning to our lives.)

Question 36

E: Freedom - You are not given a...

Answer 36

"kind of person" to be or a set of moral rules to follow

Question 37

E: Don't be in Bad Faith - Don't lie (even to yourself) and pretend that you "had to do it," either because you were born that way or that's what society says

Answer 37

Basically, pretend to not be in control. (Meursault lying about his feelings)

Question 38

Everything is equally unimportant:

Answer 38

1. "... really, nothing had change." (24) 2. "It was then that I realized that you could either shoot or not shoot." (56) "To stay or to go, it amounted to the same thing." (57) 3. "After a while you could get used to anything." (77) 4. "As if familiar paths traced in summer skies could lead as easily to prison as to the sheep of the innocent." (97) 5. "Nothing, nothing mattered, and I knew why. So did he."

Question 39

Significant role of chance or small changes:

Answer 39

1. "chance already had a lot of misdeed on its conscience in this case." (95) 2. "there really was something ridiculously out of proportion between the verdict such certainty was based on and the imperturbable march of events from the moment the verdict was announced.

Question 40

Other people can't give meaning to your life:

Answer 40

1. "There was his belief, and if he were ever to doubt it, his life would become meaningless. 'Do you want my life to be meaningless?' he shouted. As far as I could see, it didn't have anything to do with me, and I told him so." (69)

Question 41

Freedom - There are no moral rules:

Answer 41

1. "...who's to say?" (27) 2. "Marie said it was terrible and I didn't say anything." (36) 3. "I had never been able to truly feel remorse for anything." (100) "Nothing human, not one of the moral principles that govern men's hearts, was within my reach." (101) 4. "I told him I didn't know what a sin was."

Question 42

Don't be in Bad Faith

Answer 42

Meursault won't lie 1. "He asked me if he could say that day I had held back my natural feelings. I said, 'No, because it's not true.' He gave me a strange look, as if he found me slightly disgusting." (65) 2. Why will Meursault lie for Raymond (37, 48) but not to help himself?

Question 43

Don't be in Bad Faith (2)

Answer 43

Emphasis on the physical not emotional 1. "My nature was such that my physical needs often got in the way of my feelings." (65) 2. Marie! (75, 93) "A minute later she asked me if I loved her. I told her it didn't mean anything but that I didn't think so. She looked sad." (35) "That evening Marie came by to see me and asked me if I wanted to marry her. I said it didn't make any difference to me..." (41) 3. Killing the Arab (58-59)