Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stimulus

A

A change in your surroundings that is detected by a receptor and produces a response

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2
Q

What is a receptor

A

Something that detects a stimulus.

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3
Q

Example of a receptor:

A

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue skin

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4
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system

A

Brain + Spinal cord

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5
Q

What does the cerebum do

A

Coordinates sensations, movements, memory, thought and intelligence

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6
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

Coordinates balance and precise movements

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7
Q

Which is the big part of the brain ‘cerebrum’ or ‘cerebellum’

A

Cerebrum is the bigger part of the brain

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8
Q

The brain is enclosed in the cranium of the ________ while the spinal cord is enclosed in the ______________ column

A

Skull

Vertebral

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9
Q

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A

To act as a cushion for absorbing external shock
Nourishes neurons inside as it enables the diffusion of oxygen and food to nervous cells
Helps in preventing the collapse of the Central Nervous System

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10
Q

The ____________ is in control of breathing and beating of the heart

A

Medulla

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11
Q

Where is the medulla located

A

Low part of brain… near the spine lower than cerebellum, pituitary gland and obviously celebrum

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12
Q

How does information flow from one neuron to another

A

Across a synapse

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13
Q

One neuron can have thousands of ______________ on its body and dendrones

A

Synapses

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14
Q

An electrical impulse cannot cross a synapse. Instead, the nerve impulses is carried by chemicals called ___________________. These chemicals are made by the cell that is sending the impulse and stored in synaptic ____________ at the end of the _________. The cell that is receiving the impulse has __________________ on its surface

A

Neurotransmitters
Vesicles
Axon
Neuroreceptors

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15
Q

When the neurotransmitter diffuses across the gap and binds to these receptors, the nerve ____________ is carried on to the next ___________. After the impulse has been passed on, the _______________ is broken down by enzymes

A

Impulse
Neurone
Neurotransmitter

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16
Q

How do drugs affect synapses

A

Because the synapses are crossed by chemicals, it is easy for other chemicals (drugs) to interfere with them, they may mimic the neurotransmitter or block its action.

17
Q

Stimulus-response pathways

A

Receptors –> Nerve impulses passed along sensory nerve to spinal cord –> nerve impulses pass across synapse and down a motor neuron –> nerve impulse reaches muscle –> muscle is moved accordingly.

18
Q

How do nerve impulses work

A
  1. Electrical impulse travels along a nerve cell
  2. Electrical impulse reaches the end of the first nerve cell
  3. Neurotransmitter is released from the vesicles in the first nerve
  4. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the gap between the 2 nerve cells
  5. It attaches to special receptors on the second nerve cell
  6. This causes an electrical impulse to be set up in the second nerve cell
19
Q
  1. Electrical _________ travels along a ________ cell
  2. Electrical _________ reaches the _____ of the first _________ cell
  3. ________________ is released from the vesicles in the first nerve
  4. ________________ diffuses across the gap between the 2 nerve cells
  5. It attaches to special receptors on the second _________ cell
  6. This causes an electrical _________ to be set up in the second _________ cell
A
Impulse
Nerve
Impulse
End
Nerve
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
Nerve
Impulse
Nerve
20
Q

A nerve impulse travels along a nerve cell as an _____________ impulse

A

Electrical

21
Q

What is a connecting nerve cell

A

Cell which connects sensory and motor nerve cells in CNS. Also known as a relay or intermediate nerve cell.

22
Q

What is an effector

A

Muscle or gland, which produce a response when stimulated by nerve impulses from motor nerve cells

23
Q

What is a motor nerve cell

A

A cell which carries nerve impulses from the CNS to effector organs

24
Q

What is a nerve impulse

A

A small but very rapid electrical charge carried along nerve fibres
From receptors to the CNS
And
From the CNS to effectors

25
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

All the nerve cells, fibres and nerve endings NOT in the CNS

26
Q

What is the reaction rate

A

How quickly someone can respond to a stimulus

27
Q

What is a sense organ

A

An organ full of specialised sensory receptors e.g eyes, ears

28
Q

What is a sensory nerve cell

A

A cell which carries nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS

29
Q

What is the spinal cord

A

Large bundle of nerve fibres running the length of the back inside the spinal column. Deals with the reflexes not involving the head.

30
Q

What is a synapse

A

A tiny gap which carries nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS

31
Q

What is a reflex (action)

A

A response to a receptor which does not include the brain

32
Q

Why are reflexes important

A

They protect us

33
Q

What is the generalised stimulus-response pathway in a reflex arc

A

Receptor –> Sensory nerve —. CNS —> Motor nerve —> Effector