Neuroanatomy Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the hump and bumps called?
Bump is called gyri (singular:gyrus)
Inside is called sulci (singular:sulcus)
Describing coordination of the brain
Superior is the top = dorsal
Inferior is the bottom = ventral
Anterior is the front = rostral
Posterior is the back = caudal
What is the grey matter?
Neuronal cell bodies
What is the white matter?
Neuronal cell fibres in particular the myelin sheath
Different ways to cut the brain
Axial = horizontal Coronal = cutting between front and back Saggital = cutting between the two different hemispheres
Where are the ventricles located?
In the cerebral hemisphere and third ventricle is located in the thalamus
Function of the ventricles
Interconnected sacs filled with cerebral spinal fluid
- Protective and acts as shock absorber
- Provides chemical stability
- Contains nutrients
The two systems in the brain
Vascular system
- Blood supply in order to deliver O2 and nutrients as well as to remove CO2 and waste
Lymphatic system
- Very small
What are the four main regions of the CNS
- Forebrain
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Spinal cord
What makes up the forebrain
Cortex, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, corpus callosum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus
What is the cortex?
Outer layer of the brain
What is the occipital lobe?
Responsible for visual processing e.g. colour, orientation and motion
What disease affects occipital lobe?
Schizophrenia which results in hallucination due to too much activity in this region
What is the parietal lobe?
Responsible for sensory processing and proprioception causing awareness of your limbs, space and location
What disease affects parietal lobe?
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Struggle with locating themself in space and movement
What is the frontal lobe?
Responsible for personality traits
- Emotions, consciousness, deliberate movement, attention and decision making
What disease affects frontal lobe?
- Personality disorders and cognitive disorders
- Prefrontal lobotomy is when you cut off the front of the brain
- Results in impaired voluntary behaviour
What is the temporal lobe?
Responsible for language and speech, auditory processing
What disease affects temporal lobe?
- Autism
Compromised temporal lobe impairing verbal communication - Stroke in language region
Results in not being able to recognise particular words or being able to say particular words
What is corpus callosum?
- Connects right and left hemispheres
- Comprised of neuron fibres allowing information to be passed between them
What does the left side of the brain control?
Language
What does the right side of the brain control?
Facial recognition
What is the hippocampus?`
- Responsible for memory formation and memory retrieval
What disease affects the hippocampus?
Alzheimer’s disease