Neuroanatomy Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

What are the hump and bumps called?

A

Bump is called gyri (singular:gyrus)

Inside is called sulci (singular:sulcus)

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2
Q

Describing coordination of the brain

A

Superior is the top = dorsal
Inferior is the bottom = ventral
Anterior is the front = rostral
Posterior is the back = caudal

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3
Q

What is the grey matter?

A

Neuronal cell bodies

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4
Q

What is the white matter?

A

Neuronal cell fibres in particular the myelin sheath

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5
Q

Different ways to cut the brain

A
Axial = horizontal
Coronal = cutting between front and back
Saggital = cutting between the two different hemispheres
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6
Q

Where are the ventricles located?

A

In the cerebral hemisphere and third ventricle is located in the thalamus

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7
Q

Function of the ventricles

A

Interconnected sacs filled with cerebral spinal fluid

  • Protective and acts as shock absorber
  • Provides chemical stability
  • Contains nutrients
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8
Q

The two systems in the brain

A

Vascular system
- Blood supply in order to deliver O2 and nutrients as well as to remove CO2 and waste
Lymphatic system
- Very small

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9
Q

What are the four main regions of the CNS

A
  • Forebrain
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
  • Spinal cord
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10
Q

What makes up the forebrain

A

Cortex, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, corpus callosum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus

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11
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Outer layer of the brain

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12
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

Responsible for visual processing e.g. colour, orientation and motion

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13
Q

What disease affects occipital lobe?

A

Schizophrenia which results in hallucination due to too much activity in this region

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14
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

Responsible for sensory processing and proprioception causing awareness of your limbs, space and location

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15
Q

What disease affects parietal lobe?

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease

- Struggle with locating themself in space and movement

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16
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

Responsible for personality traits

- Emotions, consciousness, deliberate movement, attention and decision making

17
Q

What disease affects frontal lobe?

A
  • Personality disorders and cognitive disorders
  • Prefrontal lobotomy is when you cut off the front of the brain
  • Results in impaired voluntary behaviour
18
Q

What is the temporal lobe?

A

Responsible for language and speech, auditory processing

19
Q

What disease affects temporal lobe?

A
  • Autism
    Compromised temporal lobe impairing verbal communication
  • Stroke in language region
    Results in not being able to recognise particular words or being able to say particular words
20
Q

What is corpus callosum?

A
  • Connects right and left hemispheres

- Comprised of neuron fibres allowing information to be passed between them

21
Q

What does the left side of the brain control?

22
Q

What does the right side of the brain control?

A

Facial recognition

23
Q

What is the hippocampus?`

A
  • Responsible for memory formation and memory retrieval
24
Q

What disease affects the hippocampus?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

25
What is the basal ganglia?
Responsible for movement, balance and posture
26
What disease affects the basal ganglia?
Parkington's disease - Neurodegenerative disease - Caused by reduced dopaminergic function Huntingdon's chorea - Genetic disorder - Enlarged ventricles cause damage to basal ganglia as they are located near each other
27
What is the thalamus?
- Consist of over 40 different nuclei - Most of the incoming information the the brain gets sent here to be decided where to go next - Forming information streams
28
What disease affects the thalamus?
Stroke causing thalamic damage - Results in blending of information streams Synasthesia is when people report hearing colours or feeling sounds
29
What is the hypothalamus?
- Temperature regulation | - Hunger/thirst
30
What disease affects hypothalamus?
- Depression | - Bipolar disorder
31
Effect of antidepressants on hypothalamus?
Lowers its activity
32
What makes up the brainstem
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
33
Functions of the brainstem
- Controls homeostasis of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure - Controls motor movement of limbs and face - Reflexes
34
What is brain stem dead?
- Dysfunction of the brainstem | - Patient can be kept alive manually with artificial pumping of the heart
35
What is locked in syndrome?
- Loss of blood circulation to pons | - When you can't move
36
What is the cerebellum?
Cauliflower like structure - Movement precision and coordination - Contains more neurons than rest of the brain combined
37
What is the spinal cord
- Transmits signals from/to the brain/body - Includes some reflexive circuits - Extends to about 45cm