Flashcards in Normal Variants Deck (33)
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1
congenital anomalies of cervical spine are common or uncommon
uncommon
2
majority of affected individuals (cervical anomalies) are ___
if symptoms develop, they are due to what
asymptomatic
due to instability or degenerative OA
3
patients with upper cervical anomalies have a tendency to develop what
secondary to what
early instability and neurological problems
secondary to minor traumatic events
4
if symptoms occur in the lower cervical spine they usually occur when
due to what
in adult life
due to degenerative arthritis in the HYPERMOBILE articulations adjacent to areas of synostosis
5
the good prognosis of cervical lesions are overshadowed by what
hidden or unrecognized anomalies
6
what anomalies are considered to occur in high incidences
scoliosis
sprengels deformity
renal anomalies
deafness
neurological malformation
7
early recognition and treatment is essential why
it spares the patient from further deformity or serious illness
8
if you have a altered nerve root function then what do you rule out
herniated disc
nerve tumor
syrinx
9
what image modality do you use to see a syrinx
MRI
10
is thyroid calcification normal
what should you not confuse this with
yes its normal
vertebral artery calcification
11
supracondylar process may causes compression of what
compression of median nerve (neuropathy) especially following trauma
compression of brachial artery may occur as well
12
what are the symptoms of someone with a supracondylar process
what is associated with this process
patient complains of paresthesias in the hand - carpal tunnel like symptoms
ligament of struthers - connects medial epicondyle of the humerus
13
ligament of struthers is a __ anomaly that compresses the median nerve, brachial artery, or both
congenital anomaly
14
what is eagles syndrome
symptoms
stylohyoid ligament calcification (elongated)
foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, and intermittent facial pain
others - headache, pain on neck rotation, pain on extension of the tongue, change in voice, and sensation of hyper salivation
15
how do you diagnose eagles syndrome
radiologically
confirm by palpation of tonsillar fossa
16
sprengels deformity is usually unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
17
20-25% of sprengel deformities occur with what syndrome
klippel feil syndrome
18
what bone is seen in 30-40% of sprengels deformity cases
omovertebral bone
19
downs syndrome causes what congenital anomaly in the spine
laxity of the transverse atlas ligament
20
what are downs syndrome signs and symptoms due to
mechanical compression of the cervical nerve roots or spinal cord and vertebral arteries may be distorted
gait deterioation, weakness, loss of muscle tone in legs, increased deep tendon reflexes in arms and legs
21
should you manipulate a person with a downs syndrome
no, its always dangerous adjusting the cervical spine due to laxity of the transverse atlas ligament
22
what subluxation usually occurs in downs patients
anterior subluxation of atlas
7-8 mm between anterior arch of C1 and odontoid process of C2
23
how should down syndrome patients be screened to rule out atlantoaxial instability
screened with flexed and extended lateral views
24
down syndrome patients should restrict contact sports if the ADI is what
> 4.5 mm
25
adults with down syndrome are prone to developing what
cervical myelopathy secondary to cervical spondylosis
26
higher incidence of disc herniation occurs in what congenital anomaly
where does it occur
age
spina bifida occulta at S1
L5-S1 disc herniation
> 41 years
27
what occurs due to a congenital block vertebrae
myelopathy secondary to degeneration and spondylosis
28
what imaging is helpful to evaluate secondary soft complication of disc disease, stenosis, and other neurovascular problems
MRI
29
what occurs when complete or partial ossification of the oblique portion of the atlantooccipital membrane
posterior ponticle at C1
30
