Packet 2

Question 1

One hormone can trigger several changes in one __

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

In differentiated cells, the action of the hormone is specific to the ___

Answer 2

target cell

Question 3

One hormone can have many target __

Answer 3

organs

Question 4

One cell will have __ for many different hormones

Answer 4

receptors

Question 5

A cell’s sensitivity to a hormone increases with increasing number of __ for the hormone

Answer 5

receptors

Question 6

Definition of half life. What does the half life indicate about hormones?

Answer 6

The amount of time it takes the body to metabolize half of the molecules of the circulating hormones.
Indicates how long the hormones can act.

Question 7

Shorter half lives provide finer control of ___.

Answer 7

variables

Question 8

Longer half lives save the body the energy of hormone __(3)__

Answer 8

synthesis
packaging
secretion

Question 9

For hormones made from amino acids, the shorter the chain of amino acids, the shorter the ____. ___ last longer than proteins, as the __ group protects the protein chains from ___.

Answer 9

half life
Glycoproteins
CHO
proteases

Question 10

___ half lives vary with the specific hormones. Thyroxin, the circulating form of thyroid hormone (inactive) has a half life of ___.

Answer 10

Steroid Hormones

6 days

Question 11

Lipid solubility determines if hormones can cross the ___. Lipid solubility requires that the molecule be ___.

Answer 11

cell membrane

nonpolar

Question 12

Which hormones are nonpolar?

Answer 12

Steroids
Sterols
Thyroid Hormones

Question 13

Which hormones are polar?

Answer 13

Amino Acid derivatives
Proteins
Glycoproteins

Question 14

__ hormones are unable to cross the cell membrane. They must bind to ___ receptors on the outside of the cell and work through molecules on the inside of the cell. __ does not determine the ability of a hormone to cross the cell membrane.

Answer 14

Polar
membrane-bound
size

Question 15

Steroid hormones cross the cell membrane and enter the cell ___. Formation of the steroid-receptor complex changes the shape of the ___.

Answer 15

nucleus

protein receptor

Question 16

The Steroid -receptor complex bind to __ sites (acceptor sites) on the DNA aka ___. This changes the configuration of the DNA strands and influences he availability of specific genes for __ to ___.

Answer 16

recognition
Hormone response elements
transcription
mRNA

Question 17

What 3 effects may steroid hormones have on transcription?

Answer 17

• Turn it on
• Enhance the rate
• Inhibit

Question 18

Some effects are only seen at certain __ of steroids. There are also multiple types of receptors for each steroid hormone which influence the transcription of different ___.

Answer 18

concentrations

genes

Question 19

Similarity of ____ structures allows them to bind to each others receptors. May ___ or ___ each others actions.

Answer 19

steroid hormones
mimic
block

Question 20

One hormone can influence many functions via activation of ___ ___ enzymes

Answer 20

Tyrosine Kinase

Question 21

Different TKs have different proteins as their targets for ___.

Answer 21

phosphorylation

Question 22

G proteins is a complex of which 3 proteins? Is found in the cell ___.

Answer 22

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Membrane

Question 23

G Alpha binds ___. This is the ___ step.

Answer 23

GDP

inactive

Question 24

The release of GDP allows __ to bind ___. This is the __ step.

Answer 24

G Alpha
GTP
activation

Question 25

Regulation of how long a hormone can act on a cell depends on the action of ___. It possesses ___ activity. This splits GTP into __ and a ___.

Answer 25

G Alpha GTPase GDP Phosphate

Question 26

Once GTP is broken down into GDP and a phosphate, GDP combines with ___ and stops their action on other molecules. This stops the effect of a hormone.

Answer 26

G beta/gamma

Question 27

Phospholipase C converts __ into __ and ___

Answer 27

Phosphoinolpyruvate Diacylglycerol Inositol Triphosphate