Perry Et Al (Issues and debates)

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

Charateristics we are born with or develop out of the natural maturation process

Question 2

Nature explanations for perry’s study

Answer 2

• High emapthisers may respond differenly to OT compared to low empathisers.
• High empathisers may have a genetic predisposition for their empathetic abilities implying an innate componet influencing behaviours.

Question 3

Nurture

Answer 3

Characteristics we develop as a result from learning

Question 4

Nurture explanations for Perry’s study

Answer 4

• Observed differences in response to OT amongst high emapthisers
• may be influenced by past social experinces (uprbrining, relationships, cultural context)
• Which can shape a persons empathetic abilities + reactions to hormonal stimuli

Question 5

Indiviudal

Answer 5

behaviours that are influenced by factors within the person (dispositional)

Question 6

Situational

Answer 6

behaviours that are influenced by factors in the external environment (social)

Question 7

Situational explanations for perry’s study

Answer 7

• Findings suggests that individual differences in empathetic abilities
• interact with social factors (OT adminsiteration or the relationship to the other/figure) to influence social behaviour
• Highlighting the importance of considering both individual characteristics and situational contexts in understanding human behaviour.

Question 8

Individual explanations

Answer 8

• Inidvidual characteritsics like empathy
• Play a signifcant role in determining interpersonal preferences

Question 9

Evaluate the ethics of Perry’s study

Answer 9

• Written informed consent was gained from ppts.
• The study was approved by the University of Haifa’s ethics commitee (important for safeguarding wellbeing/ reputation)
• The solution was administered in a painless manner. ppts reported no side effects from the saline or OT.
• Ptts were fully debreifed after the study, informed, and told the aim of the study
• Ptts were deived about the task in experiment 2 as they had no personal discussion (unlikely to have caused distress)

Question 10

Name 1 way the results of Perry’s study can be used in the real world

Answer 10

• Can help people with social difficulties (autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder)
• Autism= make it easier to interpret social cues thus enhancing social cognition/behaviour
• Anxiety= reduce activity in brain regions associated with fear and anxiety (amygdala) This could help individuals with social anxiety feel calmer in social situations.

Question 11

Name 1 MORE way the results of Perry’s study can be used in the real world

Answer 11

• The study highlighs that the effects of OT are complex and can differentially enhace the importance of social cues
• So using OT as a treatment for low empathisers can increase social difficulty