What are 2 ways a project can be open to bidders? How do you notify bidders for each?
- open to any contractor / advertisement for bids
2. restricted to a list of pre-qualified contractors / invitation to bid
If you issue an addendum, when must it be transmitted to bidders?
at least 4-5 days before receipt of bids
Per AIA A701, when is a bid considered late? What must be done with late bids?
A bid is considered late if it is received after the time and date established and it must be returned unopened, even if received before bids have been opened.
What should an architect announce at the bid opening?
What should an architect NOT announce?
- submissions will be evaluated and decision of award will be made within 7-10 days
- apparent lowest bid
What do Bidding Documents include?
Bidding documents: The documents required to bid or negotiate the construction contract, including the bidding requirements, contract forms, contract conditions, specifications, drawings, and addenda.
aka Bidding Requirements & Proposed Contract Documents
What do the Bidding Requirements consist of?
- advertisement or invitation to bid
- instructions to bidders = AIA 701
- supplementary instructions to bidders
- the bid form
- bid security information (bid bond)
- performance and labor & material payment bond requirements
What do the Proposed Contract Documents consist of?
- unexecuted O/C Agreement and Exhibits
- Conditions of the Contract (General, Supplemental, and other)
- Drawings
- Specifications
- Addenda
- any other documents
Per AIA A701, when should an Architect receive from bidders any requests for clarifications or interpretations of the bidding documents?
at least 7 days prior to receipt of bids
Per AIA A701, when should an Architect receive from bidders substitution request?
at least 10 days prior to receipt of bids
Per AIA A701, when must all addenda be issued?
no later than 4 days prior to receipt of bids
What is the Project Manual? What does it include?
The volume usually assembled for the construction work, which may include:
- Bidding Requirements
- sample forms
- conditions of the contract
- specs
Does this describe CMa or CMc: multiple prime contractors may be used.
CMa
Does this describe CMa or CMc: no bidding or negotiation; CM sets & guarantees guaranteed max price or control estimate.
CMc
Does this describe CMa or CMc: bidding or negotiation is used to set final price (aka no prices set by CM)
CMa
Does this describe CMa or CMc: during construction both A and CM provide CA services.
CMa
Does this describe CMa or CMc: only A provides CA services
CMc
Does this describe CMa or CMc: Architect does NOT provide cost estimating services BUT, if CM’s estimate at end of DD exceeds Owner’s budget and O decides to revise the program, scope, or quality to reduce cost, the Architect must do so without additional compensation
both!
In IPD, what are the pre-construction phases called?
- Agency Review: includes standard building code check by AHJ
- Buyout: process of selecting suppliers and finalizing price from any remaining subcontractors and vendors not part of IPD process
- A may be required to answer questions and review prefab studies to ensure integrity of design intent
- O/C are generally responsible for finalizing other bidding/negotiation efforts
What are 3 basic methods of preparing budgets and estimating costs during programming/schematic phases?
- project comparison method
- area method
- assembly method / system method
What is the Project Comparison Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?
Cost of a project is estimated using costs of past projects of similar scope/function.
- use EARLY, aka when setting a budget or determining feasibility.
- typ accurate within 15-25%
What is the Area Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?
Average cost per unit of area or volume.
- use when preliminary design is completed to have a better idea of project size, functional components, and level of quality/complexity
- typ accurate within 5-15%
What is the Assembly Method / System Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?
Historical cost information is applied to each subsystem of the design (foundations, wall finishes, roofing, HVAC, etc), including markups for C’s overhead/profit and other construction admin costs
- Use during SD, when more is known about space requirements and general configuration
- Accuracy within 10%
What are 3 methods to refine a project budget?
- Parameter method (sf)
- Matrix costing
- Unit cost method
What is the Parameter Method? When should it be used? By who?
Involves expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these quantities (ie “floor finishes” → “carpeting, vinyl tile, wood, unfinished concrete, etc”)
- Use in DD / early CD phases
- Used most often by Architects to refind the construction budget
