Problem 1

Question 1

Drive

Answer 1

Refers to an aversive state that motivates behavior to reduce the unpleasant drive

Question 2

Opponent process theory

Answer 2

Assumes that negative hedonic states of withdrawal + dysphoria are the chief force driving addicts to take drugs

Question 3

Maslows motivational hierarchy

Answer 3

Describes the pattern through which human motivation generally moves

–> there are 5 needs humans try to fulfill in a successive order

THUS: for motivation to arise, the stage below must first be satisfied

Question 4

Level 1 - Physiological needs

Maslows motivational hierarchy

Answer 4

Lack of

1. chemicals
2. nutrients
3. internal conditions
   e. g. exercise/health
4. environmental conditions
   e. g. temperature

–> are necessary for the body to survive

Question 5

Level 2 - Safety-security needs

Answer 5

Lack of protections such as

1. shelter
2. personal/financial protection
3. legl protection

Question 6

Level 3 - Belongingness needs

Answer 6

Humans need interpersonal attachments + to feel a sense of belonging

–> deprivation might lead to anxiety, mental problems

Question 7

Level 4 - Esteem needs

Answer 7

Lack of respect a person has for himself or the lack of respect a person receives from another person

1. Esteem for the self
2. Esteem for others

Question 8

Self-acutalization needs

Answer 8

People desire self-fulfillment, thus becoming their best self