Background Questions
-general knowledge questions
-learn about particular disorder/drug therapy
-impact of patients health and prescription/OTC drugs
JADA
-author names: last name space 1st Initial of first and middle
have all names---if more than 6 then put et al
each name has a comma in between and period at the end
jr or sr follows after initials
-no credentials
-article---original style
-capitalize---1st letter of 1st word in title, proper names
-abbreviations are capialized
-abbreviate---journal title to pubmed
-year of publication w/ semicolon and then volume # and Issue # in parenthesis w/ colon and then page numbers
Ethical Responsibility
•Meaningful
•Unbiased
•Statistically verifiable
•NO conflict of interest
•Obligation to publish
•Honesty and integrity
How humans are protected in research
•Primary professional purpose
•Guiding principles
•Use of control groups
•Evolution of regulations for the conduct of research involving human subjects
Personal Autonomy
-individual decide for himself what is appropriate
-guardians/parents
Beneficience
-attend to well being of patient
-max benefits, minimize harm
Justice
-fariness in research
-equal distribution of benefits/burdens
-fair selection
-no discrimination
-equal odds
History of Regulatory Groups
-Nuremberg Code---voluntary consent
-Declaration of Helsinki---review of research
-National Research Act---regulations
-HIPPA---privacy/ confidentiality
IRB
-institutional review board
-composition
-review
-expediated
-exempt
-guidelines
-5 members---not all 1 gender, not froms ame profession, one non science, one non affiliate
Expediated Review
-non invasive procedure
-moderate exercise by adults
-faster
-chairman & 1 member
Exempt Reviews
-surveys/interviews
-2ndar analysis of coded data
Informed Consent
-information elements
-consent elements
Subjects be fully informed
-why selected
-confidentiality
-risks
-benefits
-use lay language---basic, clear, low education level and available for questions
Consent Elements
-voluntary
-consider vulnerable subjects(kids, prisoners, students, elderly)
-freedome to withdraw
-form
Informed Consent Form
-signatures= patient/subject, researcher, witness
-nonbinding agreement
-researcher is liable
-not needed for retrospective studies
Pubmed/central keywords
-author names
-journal names
-mesh terms
-articles titles
-abstracts
Peer Reviewed Journals
-sent to other scholars in same field
-looking for opinion on quality/ relevance to field
Key Points
-efficient
-succinct
-interesting
-clarity
-grabs readers attention
-new ideas
Effective Poster
-professional=
black/blue background w/ white type and yellow accent
white background w/ black type and blue accent
-font=
title=sans serif, bold
remainder= serif (times)
left justified
readable from 5-6 ft
Poster---Title & authors
-title= informative and interesting---10 words or less
visible from 10 ft
-author= presenting author is first, senior author is last
Poster abstract
-clear & concise
-background, hypothesis, materials/methods, summary, clin relevance
•IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
Evidence Based Dentistry
-ask
-access
-appraise
-apply
-assess
PICO
-problem/patient
-intervention
-comparison
-outcome
Why are measurements used
–Precision
–Prevents ambiguity
–Descriptive
–Decision making/conclusions
–Evaluate condition/response to treatment
1-Numeral
2-number
1-symbol/qualitative
2-quantitative
noir
n-nominal---no real number
-no order, mutually exclusive
male vs female, right hand/left hand, old vs young
noir
-ordinal---1 propery of real number
-order
-pain scale---ICDAS
noir
-integers---2/3 properities of real #
-no absolute zero
-farenheit and BP
-perio probing
noir
-ratio---all properties of real number
-height and weight
1-reliability
2-vailidity
-measurement is repeatable
-reproducible/dependable
2-measuring what it is supposed to measure
---if high reliability doesnt always mean high validity
