PT3 ID 1 (HIV) > RTIs > Flashcards

RTIs Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

normal respiratory flora

A 
strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes
strep viridans
staph aureus
moraxella catarrhalis
haemophilus
neisseria
lactobacilla
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2
Q

signs/symptoms of pertussis

A
  • Stage 1 = 1-2 wks, runny nose, low grade fever, mild cough
  • Stage 2 = 2-10 wks, fits of rapid coughing with whoop on inspiration, vomiting, exhaustion
  • Stage 3 = 2-3 wks, coughing lessens, susceptible to other rtis
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3
Q

pertussis diagnosis

A
  • physical exam

- nasopharyngeal sample tested with PCR and cultures

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4
Q

main antibiotic for pertussis

A

macrolides

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5
Q

alternative treatment for pertussis

A

tmp/smz

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6
Q

group A strep pharyngitis presentation

A
  • sudden sore throat
  • age 5-15
  • fever, headache
  • N/V
  • tonsillar inflammation
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7
Q

viral pharyngitis

A
  • conjunctivitis
  • coryza (inflammation, runny nose)
  • cough
  • diarrhea
  • hoarsenes
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8
Q

strep throat workup process

A
  • swab throat
  • test using rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
  • if negative do culture in kids
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9
Q

treatment for strep pharyngitis

A
  • penicillin vk x 10d
  • amoxicillin x 10d
  • cephalexin x 10d
  • z-pak if penicillin allergy
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10
Q

rhinosinusitis presentation

A

inflammation of nasal mucosal lining for at least 4 weeks
one of the following:
-severe symptoms lasting more than 3-4 days
-persistent symptoms lasting over 10 days
-worsening symptoms after viral URI

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11
Q

major criteria for bacterial sinusitis diagnosis

A
  • purulent nasal discharge
  • nasal congestion
  • facial congestion
  • fever
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12
Q

minor criteria for bacterial sinusitis diagnosis

A
  • ear pain
  • dental pain
  • cough
  • fever
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13
Q

bacterial sinusitis treatment

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate
10-14 days in children
5-7 in adults

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14
Q

alternatives for sinusitis treatment

A

doxycycline
quinolones
ceftriaxone

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15
Q

if first treatment fails in sinusitis

A

children: double dose of augmentin
adults: augmentin XR

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16
Q

adjunctive therapies to do in bacterial sinusitis

A

hydrate
analgesics
antipyretics
irrigation

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17
Q

therapies to NOT do in bacterial sinusitis

A

decongestants

antihistamines

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18
Q

sinusitis cultures obtained from

A

middle meatus endoscopically

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19
Q

community acquired pneumonia bugs

A

s. pneumoniae (75%)
legionella pneumoniae
chalmydia pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumoniae

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20
Q

factors in pneumonia development

A
  • decreased clearance of airway debris
  • depressed macrophage activity
  • enhancement of aspiration
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21
Q

presenting signs of pneumonia

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A
  • fever over 100.4
  • over 20 breaths/min
  • tachycardia
  • bradycardia if legionella
  • crackles w/ inspiration
  • infiltrates in chest x-ray`
22
Q

symptoms of pneumonia

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A 
fever
chills
chest pain
cough
sputum
23
Q

WBC components

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A
  • neutrophils
  • lymphocytes (infection fighters)
  • monocytes (lil macrophages)
  • eosinophils (hypersensitivity)
24
Q

signs of atypical pneumonia

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A

nausea, vomiting, confusion

25
atypical bacteria in pneumonia
mycoplasma legionella chlamydia
26
pneumonia workup
- gram stain from sputum - gram stain and culture from blood - urine test for legionella - chest xray for inflatrates
27
empiric pneumonia treatment
if MIC < 2 - amoxicillin/amp - IV pcn - imipenem - macrolides - quinolones - cefuroxime
28
empiric treatment for outpatient CAP
macrolide w or w/o amoxicillin 3-7 days if no bacteremia 10-14 if bacteremia
29
treatment of CAP if macrolide resistance
- levo or moxi - amoxicillin TID - augmentin - cefpodoxime - doxy
30
treatment for inpatient CAP
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
31
patients at risk for pseudomonas
- hospital stay >5 days - prolonged nursing home stay - structural lung disease - on steroids - neutropenia
32
who to calculate ANC for
immunocompromised pts
33
info needed for ANC calculation
WBC %neutrophils %bands
34
duration of therapy for CAP
5 days - no immunocompromise or structural disease 7 days - moderate immunocompromise 10-14 days - poor clinical response, significant immunocompromise
35
patients at risk for h.influenzae pneumonia
``` adults elderly alcoholics COPD immune deficiencies ```
36
treatment for non beta-lactamase h.influenzae
amoxicillin zpak cefdinir
37
treatment for beta-lactamase producing h.influenzae
augmentin cefpodoxime, cefdinir zpak
38
patients at risk for moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia
smokers copd steroid users
39
treatment for moraxella catarrhalis
``` augmentin cefuroxime zpak moxi/levo doxy ```
40
patients at risk for legionella pneumonia
``` smokers elderly liver disease COPD high dose steroids ```
41
treatment for legionella
azithromycin (all macrolides) levo/moxi 14-21 days for severe 7-14 days for mild-mod
42
treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia
doxy zpak clarithromycin levo/moxi
43
treatment for chlamydia pneumoniae
doxy zpak clarithromycin levo/moxi
44
patients at risk for staph aureus pneumonia
head trauma prolonged hospitalizations post flu
45
treatment for staph aureus
``` nafciullin cefazolin dicloxacillin clindamycin vanco if PCN allergy ```
46
specific monitoring parameters for patient undergoing treatment for pneumonia
- pain - sleeping - cough productive or not - SoB - mental status
47
monitoring parameters for infection in pneumonia
- lung exam - chest xray - cultures - electrolyte changes - sputum changes
48
monitoring parameters for antibiotic use in pneumonia
- renal function - side effects of antibiotics - labs of vanco serum levels
49
bacteria implicated in pneumonia of smoking/COPD patients
S.pneumo H.flu M.cat legionella
50
bacteria implicated in postviral bronchitis pneumonia patients
S.Pneumo | S.aureus
51
bacteria implicated in pneumonia of healthy patients
mycoplasma chlamydia pneumoniae S.pneumoniae
52
bacteria implicated in pneumonia patients that use alcohol
S.pneumonia | anaerobes
PT3 ID 1 (HIV)
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