Flashcards in RTIs Deck (52)
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1
normal respiratory flora
strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes
strep viridans
staph aureus
moraxella catarrhalis
haemophilus
neisseria
lactobacilla
2
signs/symptoms of pertussis
-Stage 1 = 1-2 wks, runny nose, low grade fever, mild cough
-Stage 2 = 2-10 wks, fits of rapid coughing with whoop on inspiration, vomiting, exhaustion
-Stage 3 = 2-3 wks, coughing lessens, susceptible to other rtis
3
pertussis diagnosis
-physical exam
-nasopharyngeal sample tested with PCR and cultures
4
main antibiotic for pertussis
macrolides
5
alternative treatment for pertussis
tmp/smz
6
group A strep pharyngitis presentation
-sudden sore throat
-age 5-15
-fever, headache
-N/V
-tonsillar inflammation
7
viral pharyngitis
-conjunctivitis
-coryza (inflammation, runny nose)
-cough
-diarrhea
-hoarsenes
8
strep throat workup process
-swab throat
-test using rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
-if negative do culture in kids
9
treatment for strep pharyngitis
-penicillin vk x 10d
-amoxicillin x 10d
-cephalexin x 10d
-z-pak if penicillin allergy
10
rhinosinusitis presentation
inflammation of nasal mucosal lining for at least 4 weeks
one of the following:
-severe symptoms lasting more than 3-4 days
-persistent symptoms lasting over 10 days
-worsening symptoms after viral URI
11
major criteria for bacterial sinusitis diagnosis
-purulent nasal discharge
-nasal congestion
-facial congestion
-fever
12
minor criteria for bacterial sinusitis diagnosis
-ear pain
-dental pain
-cough
-fever
13
bacterial sinusitis treatment
amoxicillin/clavulanate
10-14 days in children
5-7 in adults
14
alternatives for sinusitis treatment
doxycycline
quinolones
ceftriaxone
15
if first treatment fails in sinusitis
children: double dose of augmentin
adults: augmentin XR
16
adjunctive therapies to do in bacterial sinusitis
hydrate
analgesics
antipyretics
irrigation
17
therapies to NOT do in bacterial sinusitis
decongestants
antihistamines
18
sinusitis cultures obtained from
middle meatus endoscopically
19
community acquired pneumonia bugs
s. pneumoniae (75%)
legionella pneumoniae
chalmydia pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumoniae
20
factors in pneumonia development
-decreased clearance of airway debris
-depressed macrophage activity
-enhancement of aspiration
21
presenting signs of pneumonia
-fever over 100.4
-over 20 breaths/min
-tachycardia
-bradycardia if legionella
-crackles w/ inspiration
-infiltrates in chest x-ray`
22
symptoms of pneumonia
fever
chills
chest pain
cough
sputum
23
WBC components
-neutrophils
-lymphocytes (infection fighters)
-monocytes (lil macrophages)
-eosinophils (hypersensitivity)
24
signs of atypical pneumonia
nausea, vomiting, confusion
25
atypical bacteria in pneumonia
mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydia
26
pneumonia workup
-gram stain from sputum
-gram stain and culture from blood
-urine test for legionella
-chest xray for inflatrates
27
empiric pneumonia treatment
if MIC < 2
-amoxicillin/amp
-IV pcn
-imipenem
-macrolides
-quinolones
-cefuroxime
28
empiric treatment for outpatient CAP
macrolide w or w/o amoxicillin
3-7 days if no bacteremia
10-14 if bacteremia
29
treatment of CAP if macrolide resistance
-levo or moxi
-amoxicillin TID
-augmentin
-cefpodoxime
-doxy
30
