Section 3.1 Lecture

Question 1

What is the main job of the respiratory system in “environmental exchange”?

Answer 1

Bring in O₂ and remove CO₂.

Question 2

What other systems are part of environmental exchange/waste removal?

Answer 2

Digestive (input) and urinary (waste removal).

Question 3

What key topic should you focus on in this unit?

Answer 3

Regulation of breathing (respiratory center).

Question 4

Where is breathing regulated?

Answer 4

The respiratory center in the nervous system/brainstem.

Question 5

Why is respiratory anatomy emphasized?

Answer 5

Respiratory infections are common.

Question 6

Infection/inflammation of the pharynx is called what?

Answer 6

Pharyngitis.

Question 7

Infection/inflammation of the trachea is called what?

Answer 7

Tracheitis.

Question 8

Infection/inflammation of the larynx is called what?

Answer 8

Laryngitis.

Question 9

Infection/inflammation of larynx + trachea is called what?

Answer 9

Laryngotracheitis.

Question 10

Infection/inflammation of the bronchi is called what?

Answer 10

Bronchitis.

Question 11

Infection of the lungs is called what?

Answer 11

Pneumonia.

Question 12

What is the functional unit of the lung?

Answer 12

The alveolus.

Question 13

What surrounds alveoli to allow gas exchange?

Answer 13

Capillaries (dense blood supply).

Question 14

What is the respiratory membrane?

Answer 14

The thin barrier between alveolar air and capillary blood.

Question 15

What happens at the respiratory membrane?

Answer 15

O₂ enters blood; CO₂ enters alveoli.

Question 16

What do red blood cells do at the lungs?

Answer 16

Pick up O₂ and release CO₂.

Question 17

What carries oxygen in red blood cells?

Answer 17

Hemoglobin.

Question 18

What key hemoglobin concept should you know for oxygen transport?

Answer 18

Hemoglobin–O₂ saturation/affinity (dissociation).

Question 19

What are respiratory volumes and capacities?

Answer 19

Measures of how much air moves in/out of lungs.

Question 20

Why do respiratory volumes matter clinically?

Answer 20

Ventilator settings use volume and rate.

Question 21

How do lungs affect pH?

Answer 21

By eliminating CO₂ (acid regulation).

Question 22

What happens if CO₂ is retained in the blood?

Answer 22

Blood becomes more acidic (↓ pH).