Session 4

Question 1

An argument is sound if:

Answer 1

Valid → The conclusion logically follows from the premises.
True premises → All premises are actually true.

Question 2

Steps to assess:

Answer 2

Check validity: Does the conclusion follow logically?
Check premises: Are they true?
Sound → Yes to both; Unsound → No to either.

Question 3

Example:

Answer 3

All humans are mortal. (True)
Socrates is a human. (True)
→ Socrates is mortal. ✅ Sound

All birds can fly. (False)
Penguins are birds. (True)
→ Penguins can fly. ❌ Unsound