Session 9 - Knee Joint Flashcards Preview

Semester 2 - MSK > Session 9 - Knee Joint > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 9 - Knee Joint Deck (34)
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1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

hinge type synovial joint

2
Q

What movements does the knee joint allow?

A

Flexion and extension and small amount of medial + lateral rotation

3
Q

In overview, what articulations form the knee joint?

A

The patella, femur and tibia

4
Q

What does it rely on to ensure its stability?

A

Muscles and ligaments

5
Q

In specific, what two articulations form the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

6
Q

What is the tibofemoral joint formed from?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of femur articulating with the tibia

7
Q

What is the patellofemoral joint formed from?

A

Anterior, distal portion of the femur articulating with the patella

8
Q

What is the function of the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Weightbearing joint of the knee

9
Q

What is the function of the patellofemoral joint?

A

Alows the tendon of the quadriceps femoris (main extensor of the knee) to be inserted directly over the knee, increasing the effiency of the muscle.

10
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the patello and tibio femoral joints lined with?

A

Hyaline cartilage, enclosed within a single joint vavity

11
Q

What is formed within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris and why?

A

The patella is formed inside the tendon of the quadriceps femoris; its presence minimises wear and tear on the tendon.

12
Q

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

A

The medial and lateral menisci are fibrocartilage structures

13
Q

What is the function of the menisci of the knee joint? (2)

A

To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
To act as shock absorpers

14
Q

Where do the menisci of the knee attach?

A

Intercondylar area of the tibia

15
Q

Give two additional places the medial meniscus is attached to, and why this is significant

A

the tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule.Any damage to the tibial collateral ligament results in tearing of the medial meniscus.

16
Q

What are the bursae found in the knee joint?

A

Suprapatella bursa
Prepatella bursa
Infrapatella bursa

17
Q

What is the purpose of the bursa?

A

Reduce wear and tear on the moving structures of the joint

18
Q

What are the three major categories of ligament in the knee joint?

A

Patellar ligament
Collateral ligaments
Cruciate ligaments

19
Q

What is the patellar ligament?

A

a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.

20
Q

Name the two collateral ligaments

What is there purpose?

A

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

stablise the hinge-like motion of the knee, preventing any medial or lateral movement

21
Q

Describe tibial collateral ligament

A

a wide and flat ligament, found on the medial side of the joint. Proximally, it attaches to the medial epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to the medal surface of the tibia.

22
Q

Describe fibular collateral ligament

A

thinner and rounder than the tibial collateral, this attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to a depression on the lateral surface of the fibular head

23
Q

Name the cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

24
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments connect, and how does this give them there name?

A

hese two ligament connect the femur and the tibia. In doing so, they cross each other, hence the term ‘cruciate’

25
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

A

attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends posteriorly to attach to the femur, in the intercondylar fossa. It prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

26
Q

Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

A

attaches at the posterior intercondylar region of the tibia, and ascends anteriorly to attach to the femur in the intercondylar fossa. It prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

27
Q

What are the four movements of the knee joint?

A

Extension
Flexion
Lateral rotation
Medial rotation

28
Q

What is special about lateral and medial rotation in the knee joint?

A

Can only occur when the knee is flexed (if the knee is not flexed, the medial/lateral rotation occurs at the hip joint):

29
Q

What causes extensions of the knee joint?

A

contraction of the quadriceps muscle, which inserts into the tibial tuberosity

30
Q

What causes flexion of the knee joint?

A

Contraction of many muscles, including hamstrings (see here), gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

31
Q

What causes lateral rotation of the knee joint?

A

contraction of the biceps femoris

32
Q

What causes medial rotation of knee joint?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis sartorius, popliteus

33
Q

PAMs APpLes

A

Posterior cruciate passes anterior and inserts medically

Anterior passes posterior and inserts laterally

34
Q

How does the knee lock?

A

In the last 30*s extension, femur rotates medially in order to lock.. Rotates laterally in order to unlcok.