Flashcards in STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GUT Deck (115)
Loading flashcards...
1
What is the cell type that lines the entire mouth?
Stratified squamous epithelial cells
2
How many teeth do adults normally have?
32
3
How many teeth do children normally have?
20 deciduous teeth
4
Where do the teeth arise from?
Alveolar bone
5
Where on the tongue are the receptors for sweet foods found?
Towards the front
6
Where on the tongue are the receptors for salty foods found?
Anterior middle portion
7
Where on the tongue are the receptors for sour foods found?
Posterior middle portion
8
Where on the tongue are the receptors for bitter food found?
Towards the back
9
What attached the anterior part of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
The Frenulum
10
What are the roles of saliva?
Lubricate food to aid swallowing
Begin digestion of starches (amylase)
Break down of fats to help tongue analyse fragments (Lipases)
Antibacterial enzymes
11
How much saliva an adult produce per day?
1500 ml, most is swallowed and recycled
12
What is the enzyme found in the saliva which starts the breakdown of starch?
Alpha amylase
13
What are the names of the three main salivary glands found in the mouth?
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
14
Which salivary gland in the mouth produces the highest percentage of saliva?
The submandibular gland - 70%
15
What is the specific role of the parotid gland?
Produces watery secretions lacking mucus
Secretes the alpha amylase
16
What is the specific role of the submandibular gland?
Secretes mucolipoproteins
17
Is saliva isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?
Hypotonic
18
What is the oesophageal hiatus?
The point where the oesophagues passes through the diaphragm and hence enters the abdomen
19
What proportion of the oesophagus is made of striated muscle?
The upper third
20
What proportion of the oesophagus is made of smooth muscle?
Lower two thirds
21
At what spinal level does the oesophageal hiatus sit?
T10
22
What is the name of the oesophageal sphincter that closes off the entrance to the stomach?
Cardio sphincter or lower oesophageal sphincter
23
Which nerve controls the sphincters of the oesophagus?
Vagus nerve
24
Describe the nervous pathway of swallowing.
Sensory endings in the mouth signal presence of food
Sends signal to nucleus of the tractus solitarius (solitary tract, NTS)
Activates motor neurones in nucleus ambiguus
Controls muscles of soft palate, larynx and epiglottis
25
What is the capacity of the average adult stomach?
4 Litres
26
What do we call the superior part of the stomach where the bolus enters?
The fundus
27
What is the name of the folds in the stomach that allow it to expand?
Rugae
28
What are the functions of the stomach?
Temporary storage of food
Mechanical breakdown of food
Pepsin digestion of proteins
Controlled passage of chyme into small intestine
Secretion of intrinsic factor
29
What is chyme?
The name used for the semi-digested material which is passed on from the stomach to the small intestine.
30
