Studies

Question 1

Ross (1984)

Answer 1

Found that people often retrieve analogs based on surface features rather than deep structure leading to incorrect problem-solving strategies.

Question 2

Chi Feltovich Gick and Holyoak (1983)

Answer 2

Showed that experts categorize problems by underlying principles, while novices rely on surface features like context or objects.

Question 3

Cummins (1992)

Answer 3

Found that schema-based questions help novices focus on structural features improving their ability to transfer solutions across problems.

Question 4

Large Language Model Research (Webb Holyoak)

Answer 4

Showed that GPT-3 and GPT-4 display strong analogical reasoning, sometimes matching or surpassing human performance on abstract tasks.