Sugars Flashcards
What are the monomers called that carbohydrates are made up of?
Monosaccharides
What are three examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What type of sugar is glucose? What does this mean?
Hexose
There are 6 carbon atoms
What are the two types of glucose?
Alpha
Beta
What three elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides joined together
What reaction forms a disaccharide?
Condensation
What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides?
Glycosidic
What are the monosaccharides that make up sucrose?
Glucose
Fructose
What makes up maltose?
2 alpha glucose molecules
What two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide lactose?
Glucose
Galactose
Describe a test for reducing sugars?
BENEDICTS REAGENT
1) add benedicts reagent (blue) to sample
2) heat sample in a water bath thats been brought to the boil
3) blue=negative
green/yellow/orange/red=positive
the higher the concentration goes the stronger the colour change
Describe the test for non reducing sugars?
1) add dilute hydrochloric acid
2) heat in a water bath
3) add sodium hydrogencarbonate to neutralise the sample
4) Carry out benedicts reagent test like you would for reducing sugars
Why do you need to test again if the results of the benedict test was negative?
There might still be non reducing sugars so they need to be split up into their monosaccharides
What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?
(CH2O)n
