Flashcards in Systems Path I - Neuro PPT 1 Deck (54)
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1
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US
stroke
2
occlusion at ____ causes cortical infarcts with motor and sensory loss and often aphasia
trifurcation
3
occlusion at ____ reveals large infarct of the right hemisphere with swelling and focal dusky discoloration
middle cerebral artery
4
with age, astrocytes are prone to
develop glucose polymer inclusion bodies, termed corpora amylacea
5
_______ to the CNS as Schwann cells are the PNS
oligodendroglia cells
6
what is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid and consists of papillae with a highly vascular core covered by cuboidal epethelium
choroid plexus
7
what is rich in neurons, including cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, basal ganglia
gray matter
8
functions of the cerebral cortex
though, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, perception
9
functions of the cerbellum
movement, balance, posture
10
functions of the midbrain
vision, audition, eye movement, body movement
11
functions of the brain stem
breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
12
functions of the thalamus
sensory processing, movement
13
functions of hypothalamus
body temp, emotions, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms
14
functions of the limbic system
emotions, memory
15
accumulation of CSF OR failure of CSF absorption from the cranial vault resulting in dilation of these structures
hydrocephalus
16
hydrocephalus: obstruction of foramen of Monro may lead to dilation of one or both lateral ventricles
non communicating or obstructive hydrocephalus
17
hydrocephalus: paired with degenerative disease, accompanied by normal intracranial pressure and is therefore also called a
normal-pressure hydrocephalus
18
60 yo patient, autopsy is showing lesion in ventricles (foramen of monro). diagnosis
non communicating type or obstructive type hydrocephalus
19
infancy and childhood, before the cranial sutures have fused, the head enlarges. leads to increased intracranial pressure with headache, confusion, etc
hydrocephalus in a newborn
20
brain may be forced out of one compartment into another
brain herniation
21
one hemisphere is forced under the falx, cingulate lobe is the first part of that hemisphere to be displaced
cingulate or subfalcine herniation
22
cingulate or subfalcine herniations may be associated with compression of branches of what artery
anterior cerebral artery
23
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve is crushed by the displaced temporal lobe, leading to ipsilateral pupillary dilation and paresis of all extra ocular muscles
uncinate or transtentorial herniation
24
medial displacement continues, the midbrain shifts away from the displaced hemisphere, leading to pressure affect on the contralateral cerebral pedicle
uncinate or transtentorial herniation
25
brainstem and cerebellum may be forced through the foramen magnum; compressed cerebellar tonsils and medulla may lead to lethal compression of vital meduallary centers
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
26
rounded lobules or the cerebellum to become herniated or to be moved or pressed away from their usual position inside of the skull downward through the large opening in the base of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal
chiari malformation
27
which form of chiari malformation is the simplest and most prevalent
chiari malformation 1 (CM1)
28
both hemispheres herniate transtentorially; causes dilation of the pupils, flaccidity and coma
central herniation
29
accumulation of the excess fluid within the brain parenchyma
cerebral edema
30
