test 1 - small and large intestine

Question 1

anomaly with an out pouching of all the layers

1/2 have heterotropic resets of gastric mucosa

Answer 1

merkel’s diverticulum

Question 2

blind pouch of the alimentary tract lined by mucosa and communicating with the lumen

most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon

Answer 2

diverticulosis (acquired)

Question 3

food does not pass which back’s up and causes the colon to stretch

Answer 3

megacolon

• hirschsprung’s disease or apanglionic megacolon

Question 4

inflammation of the intestine or colon

most common clinical findings: diarrhea or dysentery (painful bloody diarrhea)

Answer 4

enterocolitis

Question 5

excessive intestinal fluid secretion

seen in infections and neoplasms

Answer 5

secretory diarrhea

Question 6

excessive osmotic forces draw water into the lumen

seen in lactase deficiency, antacids and malabsorbtion syndrome

Answer 6

osmotic diarrhea

Question 7

mucosal destruction with purulent, bloody stool

seen in infections and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 7

exudative diarrhea

Question 8

varicose veins in the anus or rectum

results in portal hypertension which causes blood to back up

persistent constipation, cirrhosis of the liver

Answer 8

hemorrhoids

Question 9

caused by crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (both CD positive)

may be caused by autoimmunity

Answer 9

inflammatory bowel disease

Question 10

aka skip lesions or regional enteritis

most common in the small intestine and colon

non-caseating granuloma, fissure, fistula, and abscess

Answer 10

crohn’s disease

Question 11

limited to the colon

more common in women

ulcers are superficial and continuous accompanied by pseudopolyps

not thickening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen like crohns

Answer 11

ulcerative colitis

Question 12

tumors located at the region of the ampula of vater lead to

Answer 12

gangrene

Question 13

tumor with cell origin is not an adenoma

outcome of abnormal mucosal maturation resulting in inflammation

Answer 13

non-neoplastic tumor

Question 14

hamartomatous malformation, multiple polyps, risk of developing adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

juvanile polyps

Question 15

single or multiple hamartomatous, multiple polyps throughout whole GI, risk of developing pancreatic cancer, breast, ovary, lung, and uterus

Answer 15

peutz jeghers polyps

Question 16

neoplastic, adenomas and epithelial in origin, most common in colon, may be sporadic or familial

Answer 16

neoplastic polyps

Question 17

multiple polyps, multiple osteomas, fibromatosis

Answer 17

gardner’s syndrome

Question 18

combination of multiple adenomatous polypsis and gliomas

Answer 18

turcot syndrome

Question 19

increased risk of carcinoma, multiple polyps, neoplastic polyps: adenomas and epithelial in origin, most common in colon

Answer 19

hereditary polyposis - lynch syndrome

Question 20

tumors most often seen in appendix

Answer 20

carcinoid tumors

Question 21

all ___ are malignant, rectal and appendical are asymptomatic

Answer 21

carcinoids