test 2 - RU pituitary and hypothalamus

Question 1

location of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

base of the skull within the sella turcica, close to the optic chiasm, and nerve

attaches to the hypothalamus by a stalk

Question 2

hypothalamus releases ____ to simulate the anterior pituitary

Answer 2

TRH

thyrotropin releasing hormone

Question 3

the _____ is 80% of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

Question 4

what does the adenohypophysis produce/secrete

Answer 4

GH (somatotrophs)

prolactin (lactotrophs)

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

folical stimulating hormone (FSH)

leutinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

the neurophysis (posterior pituitary) produces:

Answer 5

ADH (vasopressin) - in response to an increase in osotic pressure or left atrial ventricular myocardium distension

oxytocin - stimulates the contraction of smooth m in the uterus

Question 6

most commonly adenoma, but also hyperplasia, carcinoma, and extrapituitary tumors

found in adults (peak 30’s and 40’s)

Answer 6

hyperpituitarism

Question 7

destructive process, non functional adenoma

results in pressure on the optic N and increase in CSF pressure

Answer 7

hypopituitarism

Question 8

somatotropic adenoma

GH adenomas: hypersecretion of GH stimulates the secretion of insulin like GF

effects:

children (before closer of the epiphyses - giagantsim)

adults (after closure of epiphyses - acromegaly)

Answer 8

anterior pituitary hyperfunction

pituitary adenoma

Question 9

hypercorticism due to a corticotropic adenoma of the pituitary

basophilic adenoma

basophilic microadenomas

Answer 9

cushing disease

Question 10

condition referes to hypercorticism regardless of cause

most often of pituitary and less often adrenal origin

cause may be ectopic ACTH production by various tumors

Answer 10

cushing syndrome

Question 11

prolactinoma

chromophobic tumor cells

amenorrhea and glactorrhea in women

impotence and sometimes galactorrhea in men

Answer 11

prolactin

Question 12

nonpituitary lesions with ectopic hormone production

water retention with dilutional hyponatremia

Answer 12

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

generalized panhypopituitarism

Answer 13

pituitary cachexia

simmonds disease

Question 14

post partum pituitary necrosis

ischemic necrosis of the pituitary galnd and is characteristically associated with hemorrhage and shock during childhood

Answer 14

sheehan syndrome

Question 15

results in growth retardation

Answer 15

def. in GH

Question 16

results in retarded sexual maturation

Answer 16

def. in gonadotropins

Question 17

secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 17

def. in TSH

Question 18

results in secondary adrenal failure

Answer 18

def. in ACTH

Question 19

most commonly caused by ectopic production of ADH by various tumors, especially small cell carcinoma of the lung

Answer 19

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

(SIADH)

Question 20

results in diabetes inspidus

polyuria, dehydration, and insatiable thirst

Answer 20

def. in ADH

Question 21

conditions that destroy all or part of the pituitary

Answer 21

empty sella syndrome

Question 22

development of large pituitary adenomas following bilateral adrenalectomy

due to a loss of feedback inhibition on growth of preexisting pituitary microadenomas

Answer 22

nelson syndrome