1
Q
what gland makes growth hormone
A
pituitary gland
2
Q
when does the growth hormone secrete
A
mostly during sleep
3
Q
BMI
A
body mass index; measuring body fat by calculating the ratio of weight to height
4
Q
underweight BMI
A
below 5th percentile
5
Q
overweight BMI
A
above 85th percentile
6
Q
obese BMI
A
above 95th percentile
7
Q
effective treatment
A
family-based behavioral treatment
8
Q
true or false: requiring children to clean their plates promotes healthy eating habits
A
false
9
Q
food insecurity
A
when families dont have access to enough nutritious foods
10
Q
% of food insecurity in US
A
14%
11
Q
what is food insecurity related to
A
over-eating non-nutitious foods
12
Q
food fussiness %
A
70% genes
20% enviroment
13
Q
ways to deal with picky eating
A
keep exposing to new foods but dont force
sneak in new tatses
reframe undesired food
14
Q
PICA
A
eating non-nutritious foods, or items
15
Q
where PICA is found
A
people with lower IQ, intellectual disabailities
16
Q
how much exercise does the CDC recommend
A
60+ minutes
17
Q
what interferes with exercise
A
screen time
18
Q
neurodevelopmental disorders
A
intellectual disabilites, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, learning disorders, motor disorder
19
Q
what is the onset in the developmental disorder
A
neurodevelopmental disorder
20
Q
PDDs (DSM-IV)
A
autism, aspergers, childhood disintegrative, PDD
21
Q
ASD (DSM-5-TR)
A
autism spectrm disorder
22
Q
categories of ASD
A
social communication and interaction deficits, restricted and repetitive behavior
23
Q
social communication and interaction deficit factors
A
reciprocity, nonverbal communication, relationships
24
Q
restricted and repetitive behavior factors
A
motor movements, inflexible routines, fixated interests, unusual response to sensory input
25
severity levels
3 - very substantial support
2 - substantial support
1 - support
26
prevalence of ASD
1%
27
first notice ASD
age 2+
28
etiology of ASD
not cold mothers, not tylenol, not vaccines, YES genetics
29
treatments that dont work ASD
facilitated communication, making refrigerator mothers more warm, withholding vaccinations
30
true or false: facilitated commmunication works
false
31
true or false: the idio-motor fools the facilitates too
true
32
treatment line
language --> social --> repetitive
33
ways we teaching language
shape verbal skills, sign language, picture exchange communication system (PECS)
34
prompting
present stimulus, prompt response, provides reinforcments, fade prompt
35
applied behavioral analysis (ABA)
1 on 1 training, repeating skills, prompt + fade, reinforce often
36
skills learned in ABA
pre-learning, listening, imitation, requests, labeling, play, social, self-help
37
2 groups in the "2 years of discrete trial training"
intensive and controlled
38
how does the intensive group learn
40 hours a week, 19 children
39
how does the controlled group learn
10 hours a week, 40 children
40
which group achieved "normal educational functioning"
intensive
41
who was Temple Grandin
autistic speaker and advocate, one of Time Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2010; wrote Sex and the Brain
42
some things emple grandin said
Einstein would be autistic today, majority of engineers and scientists are autistic
43
piagets stages
1) sensorimotor
2) pre-operational
3) concrete operations
4) formal operations
44
sensorimotor stage
0-2
45
pre-operational
2-7
46
concrete operations
7-12
47
formal operations
12+
48
pre-operational stage characteristics
symbols and intuitive thought
49
types of symbols in pre-operational stage
language, room models (4 years)
50
types of intuitive thought
egocentrism, animism, centrism
51
piagets sequence of developmental play
infancy, early childhood, middle childhood
52
types of play in infancy
practice play: repetitive for fun (bouncing ball)
53
types of play in early childhood
contructed play: building for fun (legos)
symbolic/sociodramatic play: fantasy (pirates
54
types of play in middle childhood
games with rules (soccer; candyland)
55
sociocultural perspective
child as apprentice, zone of proximal development, scaffolding
"children are products of their culture"
56
3 R's of preacademic skills
reading, 'riting, 'rithmatic
57
reading preacademic skills
phonemic awareness, phonic skills, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension
58
phoneme
tiny sound segments that create words
59
phonic skills
link sounds to letters
60
TAP literacy
T - track
A - ask
P - point
61
what to use in order to speed up how quickly children learn to read
print referencing
62
egocentrism
poor perspective taking
63
animism
thinking object has emotions
64
centrism
not good at conservation tasks
65
lev vygotsky
"children are products of their culture" and zone of proximal development
66
scaffolding
teaching a kid a little bit more than they know
67
print referencing
use to speed up how quickly children learn to read
68
'riting
pre-writing strokes
2 years: I - O
3 years: +/square
4 years: X / triangle
69
rithmatic
counting, add/subtraction
70
when does counting begin
2+
71
when does addition/suntraction begin
4+
72
CAN math
Count
Add
Number
73
how to speed up how quickly children learn math
math talk
74
when did head start become establishde
1965
75
head start in 1965
3-5 y/o, "war on poverty", comprehensive services, academic readiness
76
when was early head start established
1995, 0-3 y/o
77
effective workforce; teaching support
trainings, visits to staff meanings, class observation, therapy
78
universal support
creative curriculum for pre-school intentional teaching
class jobs, conflict resolution, talk about feelings
79
HEART
emotional coaching
Hear
Express
Accept
Reflect
Teach
80
ASQ: SE-2
screening for social-emotional health, required by head start within first 45 days
81
targeted support
phone check-in, trageted handouts, extra class support, referral to MHC
82
assessment
parent interview, child observation, teacher interview
83
parts of self
self recogniton, slef concept, self esteem, self conscious emotions, self control
84
self concept
how people think or describe themselves
85
self concept in early childhood
basic info, physical appearance, possesions, abilites, feelings
86
concept of self in middle childhood and adolescense
social groups, attitudes/opinions, future identity
87
self esteem
feeling about ones self concept
88
self esteem in early childhood
high, sometimes unrealistic, compares current self to past self, doesnt compare to peers
89
promoting self esteem
encourage interests, responsibility, positive self talk
90
discouraging self esteem
avoid excessive negative feedback, demanding perfection
91
self conscious emotions
complex emotions; pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy
92
self control
ability to choose goals, initiate appropriate responses, inhibit innappropriate ones
93
age of awareness of demands
1 year old
94
age of control in absence of caregivers
2 years old
95
age of delayed gratification
4 years old
96
marshmallow test performance predicition
less impulsivity, more social-emotional skills, more academic achievement (in adolescence)
97
what did authoritative parenting relate to
less behavior problems, less internalizing problems, higher self esteem, higher grades
98
points for parents
be nurturing and set limits, dont overdo it, its ok to be just "good enough"
99
nurturing examples
hugs, labeled for praise, allow for debate, rewards
100
setting limit examples
routines, rules, aim for moderation, logical consequence
101
sex gender identity
biological, body parts
102
gender
societal, behaviors, attributes, roles
103
gender identity
sense of being a male, female, or an alt gender, regardless of sex at birth
104
Kohlbergs gender identity theory
gender labeling, gender stability, gender constancy
105
age of gender labeling
2 years old
106
age ofgender stability
3 years old
107
age of gender constancy
5 years old
108
challenges with sex at birth
non-matching geno/pheno types, ambiguous genitals, sex chromosome disorders, mosaicism
109
example of non matching genotype
androgen insensitivity syndrome (female appearancedespite 46XY karotype)
110
how is ambiguous genitals treated
with many surgeries after birth
111
XYY
jacobs syndrome (taller)
112
XXY
klinefelters (taller and passive)
113
XO
turners syndrome (short)
114
XXX syndrome
delayed development
115
peers infleunce on gender
prefer same-sex playmates (2-3), critical of cross gender play(3)
116
adult influences on gender
parents: buy toys, assign chores
teachers: favor "feminine" behaviors, more time with boys
117
mosaicism
two fraternal zygotes that blend into one person with 2 sets of DNA
118
FAN interactions
be supportive during child-led activities
119
FAN mnemonic
Follow childs lead
Appreciate child
Narrate childs behavior
120
SHARE mnemomic
Social
Health
Academic
Readiness
Enrichment
121
benefits of FAN interaction
comfortability, language skills, independence, problem-solbing, building self-esteem
122
STAR skills
use behavioral skills traingin
123
STAR mneomic
Show (model)
Tell (instruct)
Attempt (rehearse)
Review (feedback)
124
behavioral skills training examples
teaching how to play pickleball, how to share toys, FST class
125
MAP challenges
assess the function of behavior
126
MAP mneomic
Motivation - conditions in the hours before the behavior
Antecedent - conditions right before the behavior
Payoff - natural reinforcement, accidental reinforcment
127
Payoff examples
Access to: attention, tangibles, stimulation
Escape from: attention, tangibles, stimulation
128
CARD prevention
be proactive
129
CARD mnemonic
Coach skills
Arrange enviroment
Remove antecedents
Distract challenging behavior
130
HELP behavior
change consequences
131
HELP mneomic
Halt payoff
Exaggerate natural consequences
Logical consequences
Propose new ways
132
time-out uses
aggression (immediate), rule-breaking (either), non-compliance (warning)
133
command + warning sequence
"pick up your toy" *wait 5secs
"pick up your toy or go to timeout" *wait 5 secs
"you have a timeout for ..."
134
during timeout
dont say anything, big/hard chair, boring place, kitchen timer, ignore whining, no toys, food
*pretend to read
135
what to do if a child leaves timeout
dont say anything, guide back to chair several times, consider a back-up (privelage timeout)
136
end of timeout
when timer sounds, restate command, praise, seek help if needed
137
reactive approach vs protective approach
reactive - decreases behavior (logical consequence)
protective - increase behavior (behavior skills training)
138
old terms for Evidence-Based Treatments
"empirically validated treatments" (90s/00s)
139
what does well-established mean
2 studies with all of the methods criteria, must be better than a placebo or active treatment, group parent behavior therapy, individual parent behavior therapy
140
triple response model
cognitive, motor variables, physilogical
141
genetic predeisposition
evolution (seligman)
142
RESPONDENT CONDITIONING
watson
143
2-factor theory
developed through respondint, maintained through factor (mowrer)
144
social learning
rachman, seeing someone else afraid
145
info transmission
rachman, being told what to be afraid of
146
maladaptive thoughts
beck, exxagerated reality
147
anxiety
norma reaction, real or percieved
148
anxiety disorder
more intense, more persistent, maladaptive
149
specific phobia
fear cued by specific object/situation, last 6+ mo., animal, natural enviroment, bloodinjection/injury, situational
150
anxiety disorders
seperation, selective mutism, social, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized, post-traumatic stress, obsessive compulsive
151
EBTs for anxiety disorders
CBT, CBT with parents, CBT with medication, exposure, modeling, education
152
6 year research follow up to anxiety disordes
14& with anxiety post treatment, not differences between CBT with/without parents
153
core four
create a fear ladder, learning about anxiety, exposure, maintenance
154
anxiety alarm with stages
stage 1 - warning fanger might be coming (yellow light)
stage 2 - warning danger is here (red light)
155
exposyre possibilities
systematic desensitization, participant modeling, flooding
156
types of systematic desensitization
in Vivo, imaginal, VR
157
relapse prevention
"continued exposure in everyday life"
158
components for youth
cognitive restructuring, social skills, relaxation training
159
factors of cognitive restructuring
probability overstimulation, catastrophic thinking
160
factors of social skills
meeting new people, nonverbal communication
161
seriation
ability to order items along a quantative dimension
162
- Industry vs. Inferiority
Erikson’s psychosocial stage where children strive for competence and productivity.
Child Psychology
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