1
Q
Do colonies count with their countries?
A
Yes!
2
Q
Characteristics of a State
A
Politically organized, sovereign government, permanent resident population, organized economy, citizenship, and recognized by the majority of the international community
3
Q
Politically organized
A
Official Boundaries
4
Q
Sovereign Government
A
Has to be organized
5
Q
Organized Economy
A
Issue currency with value
6
Q
Citizenship
A
Recognized by issuing passports
7
Q
What happens if a country is not recognized by the majority of the international community
A
If not, you lose your ability to trade
8
Q
State / Country
A
A legally recognized, politically organized community under one government
9
Q
Nation
A
A large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, a language, inheriting a particular country or territory
10
Q
Nation example
A
Native Americans; Cherokee Nation
11
Q
Microstate
A
A small sovereign state with low population and small land area recognized by the world community
12
Q
How many microstates are there?
A
24 total
13
Q
Microstate example
A
Monocco; vatican city
14
Q
Micronation
A
A small self-declared state that lacks legal recognition by the world government
15
Q
Micronation example
A
Sealand, Molossia
16
Q
Stateless Nation
A
Does not possess a national territory even with a larger multinational state
17
Q
Stateless Nation example
A
Kurds, Palestine
18
Q
Nation State
A
A country with a high level of cultural homogenity and unity (one person = one nation / state)
19
Q
Nation State example
A
Japan, Mongolian
20
Q
Early States
A
Walled cities with agricultural lands outside
21
Q
What is the first city state?
A
Greece
22
Q
Early States example
A
Mesopotamia (fertile crescent); Egypt
23
Q
First city state
A
Greece (IMPORTANT)
24
Q
Colonization
A
Taking land that is not heavily populated
25
Imperialism
Taking already populated land for financial gain
26
What was the largest imperialist?
British Empire (Africa/Asia)
27
Colonies / Territories: How many exist today?
16; the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and Puerto Rico
28
Are people in colonies / territories citizens?
Citizens, but cannot vote and have a non-voting representative in congress
29
Where do military bases fit in the world?
Are considered territoires but are govenred by the military
30
Impact of Location
Location determines productivity; landlocked countries are at a significant disadvantage
31
Enclave
A country that is located inside another country
32
Enclave example
Lesotho in south africa
33
Exclave
When part of the country is geogprahically seperate from the main country; HAS TO BE a land form!
34
Exclave example
Alaska
35
Capitals
Located in the core area or edge due to growth
36
Primate City
The capital is the largest city and the second one is half the size is a primate city
37
Forward THrust Capital City
When the gov. decides to move the capital to an unpopulated area from the ground up to get people to move
38
Frontiers
Vast uninhabited or sparsely populated land area separating two states
39
Boundaries
Brings two neighboring states into direct contact
40
Types of Boundaries
Physical, Water, RElic, Geometric, and Cultural/religious
41
Physical boundaires
natural; landforms, miss. river
42
Law of the Sea
1982; how far out and what takes place in the waters
43
Relic boundaries
Used to be a boundary; historical boundary that no longer funtions
44
RElic boundaries example
Great Wall of CHina
45
Geometric boundary types
Antecedent, subsequent, superimposed, imperialism
46
Antecedent boundaries
Drawn before a population (america/canada)
47
Subsequent boundaries
Drawn after a population (us Europe)
48
Superimposed boundaries
Put on a map by other people (conference of Berlin in africa)
49
Geometric boundaries
types that are drawn on maps using latitude and longitude
50
types of cultural/religious boundaries
interfaith and intrafaith
51
Interfaith boundaries
superimposed that exist to separate two or more religions / ethnicities (India and Pakistan)
52
Intrafaith boudnaries
divide space within one religion, often amoung denominations (northern ireland DERRY GIRLS)
53
Boundary Disputes
Definitional / Positional ; Locational / Territory ; Allocation / REsource ; Operational / Functional
54
Definitional / positional
Written definition, where exactly is it, on map treaty
55
Locational / territory
where is the boundary physically on the earht
56
Aloocation / resource
Fighting over resources
57
Operational / functional
THe management of a boundary, border security
58
Electoral Geographers
Study spatial configuration of electoral districtsGe
59
Gerrymandering
The redrawing of political barriers for political gain
60
Gerrmymandering
Redrawing of voting districts in such a way as to give one political party maximum political advantage
61
Geopolitics
State's power to control territory, shape international policy and other states' foreign policy
62
Current Geopolitical Issues
Economic riverly conflicts between "civilization"
63
Geopolitical Theories
Organic Theory, Heartland, and shatterbelt
64
Organic Theory
Ratzel; the natural expansion of stray states into areas controlled by weaker states; "the state must be fed"; irredentism
65
What is Irredentism
a political and nationalist ideology that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a territory that the movement's adherents believe rightfully belongs to their nation
66
Heartland Theory
Mackinder; "Who controls Russia and Eastern Europe controls the world"; imperialism justification
67
Shatterbelt Theory
Cohen; location influences political structure; cold war; ukrane
68
Shatterbelt
Countries located strategically within the spheres of influence of longer, competing countries
69
Seapower Doctrine
Mahan; dnational graeatness is associated with the sea; control of choke points in times of peace and enemy fleets during war time panama canal
70
Choke Points
Strategic tranists points throughout the world
71
Geopolitical world order
Temporary periods of stablity in how politics are conducted at the global scale
72
Multi Polar
Many major powers pre WWII
73
Bi Polar
After WWII, us and USSR
74
Unilaterism
One state acting alone wich creates resentment and hostility
75
Superpower
A state with a dominate position in he international system
76
Superpowers of the 21st century
US, Brazil, EU, India, Russia, and China
77
Threas to STtates
Terroism
78
Terrorism
Premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombantant targets by sub natural groups usually with the goal to influence an audience
79
Terrorist Philosophy
Commited by groups who do not prossess the poltitical power to change policies they veiw as intolerable; max psychological effect; media coverage; justify actions
80
Superanational Organization
A seperate entity composed of three or more states that join together for mutual benefit in ursuit of shared goals (political economic military)
81
Political supernational organizations
League of nations, UN, African union
82
Types of supernational organizations
Political economic military
83
Economic supernational organizations
European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN
84
Military Supernational organizations
NATO
85
League of Nations
Formed post WWI
86
WHat is the purpose of the league of nations
Protect smaller nations from aggression by bonding together
87
Goals of the UN
Maintain world peace; develop good relations between countries; promote cooperation in solving world problems and encourage a respect for human rights
88
Point of the UN
Balance national interest with global whole; main focus is serving as a peacekeeping organization
89
Sanction
Cut off trade
90
Six Branches of the UN
Secretarict; general assembly; security council; international court of justice; economic and social councel; trusteeship council
91
Secretarict
Secretaries; control meetings
92
General Assembly
Town Hall; open dialogue
93
Security COUNCIL
IMPORTANT: most powerful!; who decideds aid, peacekeepser; final say
94
How is the securrity council set up
14 states; 9 rotating 5 permanent (china, us, france, gb, russia); the permanent have veto power
95
International Court of Justice
Global surpreme court; can't be forced to goE
96
Economic and Social Council
UNICEF; healthcaret; focuses on human rights, refugees, poverty
97
Trusteeship Council
Colonies to state; defunct
98
Military Alliances
NATO; formed post WWII
99
Reponse to NATO
Warsaw pact- soviet response
100
Article 5: collective defense
An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all (Nato)
101
History of the European Union
Post WWII Europe ready for unity; SHUMAN; elimate rivalry of Germany and France; EU in 1994
102
European Union Pillars
Free flow of people, goods sapital, and services among member nations; development of joint policy making in foreign affairs; shared policy making on issues of terrorism and immigration; common currency
103
How many states in EU
26 member nations
104
How to gain enterence to the EU
Politically stable (democratic); keep total debt to at or below 60% of GDP; market economy; respect for minorities
105
Who is not apart of the EU
Norway and Switzerland (always neutral)
106
When did GB exit EU
2016
107
NAFTA
North America Free Trade Agreement
108
Economic Goals of NAFTA (pros)
Eliminated tariffs between nations; increased wages in Mexico; increased tradee 4x, increased foreign investment in Mexico
109
Economic Goals of NAFTA (cons)
Loss of jobs in manufacturing from US to Mexico; decreased wages in USA; labor abuses in Mailadora program; Mexican farmers put out of business
110
Mercosur
Southern Common Market; 1991; Argentina and brazil; goal: to promote free trade, movement of goods, people, and currency
111
ASEAN
10 member staes; Indnoseia headquarters; asian
112
ASEAN goals
Accelerate economic growth; accelerate social and cultural development; promote regional peace and stability with respect forr the rule of law
113
Race
A classification system arising from genetically significant differences among human population, or visible differences in human physiognomy (genetics)
114
What were the categories of homo sapians
Caucasian, Mongolian, negroid
115
Ethnicity
Is identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of particular homeland or heart (traditions)
116
Nationality
Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there (legal)
117
Ethnic Group
People of a common ancestry and cultural traditions, after living as a minority in a large society or host culture; involuntary membership
118
Rural EThnic Homelands
Cover large areas, have large populations; reinforce ethnicity; political autonomy; indigiounous ethnic groups; Navajo reservation
119
Four types of ethnic regions
Rural Ethnic Homelands, rural Ethnic Islands, ethnic Neighborhood, ghettos
120
Rural EThnic Islands
Small dots in the rural countryside; smaller than a country and homeland; serve hundred or thousand people
121
Rural Ethnic Islands Examples
Scandinavians in Wisconsin, found in large areas of rural n america
122
Ethnic Neighborhood
Voluntary community where people of common ethnicity reside inside an established city
123
Ethnic Neighborhood examples
Chinatown, Little Italy
124
Ghetto
Area of residential segregation where an ethnic group lives because there are no other options (involuntary, socio-economic)
125
Nation State
A state whose territory corresponds with a particular ethnicity (most stable state [no civil wars]
126
Multi Ethnic State
A state that contains more than one ethnicity but see themselves as a state (Belgium, US)
127
Multi National State
Two ethnic groups that peacefully coexist but recognize distinct nationalisits
128
Multi National State example
England (Irish Scottish welish British)
129
Devolution
When a region of a state demands and gains autonomy at the expense of the central gov. (does not create a new state)
130
Devolution example
Scotland
131
Balkanization
There are several ethnic groups in an area so the state breaks down on ethnic lines, creating new states
132
Why do ethnic groups clash?
Competition does dominate nationalisits; result of imperialism; reaction to ethnic groups not giving allegiance to gov./state
133
Ethnic Cleansing
Forcible movement of people to create a more homogenous region
134
EThnic Cleansing Example
South Africa
135
Ethnic Cleansing Killings
While its not intended to kill people, death does happen, and it can lead/turn into a genocide
136
Genocide
The intentional killing of a group
137
Genocide Examples
Armenian, Holocause, Rwanda, Iraq, Sudan
138
Rwandan Genoicde
Tutsi (killed) vs Hutu (killers)
2025: AP Human Geography
flashcards
Decks in class (26)
# Cards
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Unit One (Textbook)22
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Unit One (In-Class)118
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Unit One (Mr. Sinn)58
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Unit One (Assigned Flashcards)42
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Unit Two (In-Class)27
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Unit Two (Mr. Sinn)59
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Unit Two (Assigned Flashcards)10
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Unit Three (In-Class)52
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Unit Three (Mr. Sinn)98
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Unit Three (Assigned)47
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Unit Four (Packet)8
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Unit Four (In-Class)128
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Unit Four (Mr. Sinn)101
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Unit Four (Assigned)51
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Unit Five (In-Class)138
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Unit Five (Mr. Sinn)102
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Unit Five (Assigned)50
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Unit Six (Assigned)33
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Unit Six (Mr. Sinn)104
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Unit Six (In-Class)97
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Unit Seven (Mr. Sinn)64
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Unit Seven (Assigned)21
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Unit Seven (In-Class)121
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Thinking Geographically - Key Concepts (AP TEST REVIEW)75
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Thinking Geographically - Spatial Interactions (AP TEST REVIEW)32
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Thinking Geographically - Geographic Tools (AP TEST REVIEW)2
