Urinary Elimination (pt.2)

Question 1

What is the physiological conditions that alter Dehydration?

Answer 1

1. Loss of fluid leading to negative balance
2. Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, urination, inadequate fluid intake
3. Fever can lead to dehydration due to sweating
4. Elderly are vulnerable to dehydration
5. Patients with diabetes & kidney failure are at risk
6. SYMPTOMS: thirst, dry oral mucosa membrane, fatigue, dizziness, dark urine, poor skin turgor, and hypotension
7. Treatment: rehydration (oral or IV)

Question 2

UTI is more common in males or females?

Answer 2

since it is bc of bacterias that travels thru the urethra, it’s more common in Females bc they have shorter urethras & proximity to vagina and anus (flora can migrate to urethra).
Men is less likely but risk will increase w/ aging due to Prostate enlargement!!

Question 3

What are the risk factors for urinary tract infection ?

Answer 3

1) Sexual activity
2) Diabetes
3) Poor hygiene
4) Estrogen deficiency
5) Recent catheterization
6) incomplete bladder emptying like pelvic organ prolapse (the pelvic floor muscles are weak)
7) Foreign object: stones
8) Aging (men due to prostate enlargement)

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of UTI?

Answer 4

1. Dysuria & small volumes
2. Frequency & urgency
3. Gross hematuria –> visible blood in the urine
4. Microhematuria –> blood in the urine but can’t see it w/ naked eyes
5. SUPRAPUBIC PAIN

Question 5

If UTI starts heading towards the kidneys & you have an infected kidney (Pyelonephritis), What are the systemic symptom of Pyelonephritis??

Answer 5

Fever, N/V, and Flank pain

Question 6

What are the diagnosis of UTI?

Answer 6

Urinalysis and C&S
- Bloody/cloudy
- Leukocytes, nitrates, hemoglobin & bacteria

Question 7

What are the Treatments of UTI?

Answer 7

1. Antimicrobials –> 2 common ones are Bactrim DS & Ciprofloxacin (Cipro); Sulfonamides, Flouroquinolones, Penicillin, & Cephalosporins
   - Uncomplicated: 3 days course
   - Complicated: 7-10 days (male, diabetic, and febrile)
2. Bladder analgesics:
3. PYRIDIUM = turn urine ORANGE!!!
4. Macrobid = prevent bacteria!
5. Repeat UA to verify appropriate treatment!

Question 8

What are the complications of UTI?

Answer 8

Drug resistance, pyelonephritis, and Renal abscess

Question 9

What are the exceptions for Surgical treatments for treating UTI?

Answer 9

Only for bladder/kidney stones AND Prolapsed bladder/enlarged prostate

Question 10

What are the preventions or teachings of UTI?

Answer 10

1. Female: FRONT TO BACK
2. No bubble baths
3. Cotton underwear (breathable)
4. Void BEFORE/AFTER intercourse!!
5. Hydration
6. Cranberry JUICE!!!