Vasculature

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the vertebral artery?

Answer 1

cervical
intrapetrosal
intracavernous
Cerebral (intracranial)

Question 2

What main artery provides anterior circulation to the brain

Answer 2

Internal carotid artery

Question 3

What are the main 7 branches of the Internal Carotid Artery?

Answer 3

Hypophysial Artery
Ophthalmic arteries
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior choroidal artery
Posterior Communicating artery
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Anterior Communicating Artery

Question 4

What artery supplies subcortical structures in the temporal lobe including the choroid plexus

Answer 4

Anterior choroidal Artery

Question 5

What artery emerges from lateral fissure

Answer 5

Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 6

What artery supplies insula of Reil

Answer 6

Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 7

What artery has cortical branches that supply cortex and subcortical white of the lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes and lateral side of inferior frontal lobe

Answer 7

Middle cerebral Artery

Question 8

What artery is located in the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 8

Anterior cerebral Artery

Question 9

What Artery has cortical branches (gray and subcortical white) supply medial side of frontal and parietal lobes and medial side of orbital surface of frontal lobe (olfactory bulb & tract); corpus callosum

Answer 9

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 10

What part of the vertebral artery is non elastic?

Answer 10

Fourth part

Question 11

Before the vertebral artery enters the subarachnoid space at the level of the foramen magnum it must first pierce what membrane?

Answer 11

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 12

What are the 4 branches of the Vertebral artery?

Answer 12

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 13

What are the main branches of the Basilar artery?

Answer 13

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Internal auditory artery
Pointing artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterior cerebral artery

Question 14

What artery passes through the tentorial notch?

Answer 14

Posterior Cerebral artery

Question 15

Arteries from the Basilar artery wrap in what direction around the brainstem

Answer 15

posteriorly

Question 16

What artery supplies inferior aspect of temporal lobe (includes hippocampus),
occipital lobe and parts of midbrain

Answer 16

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 17

What are the 5 wrap around arteries?

Answer 17

Posterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterior cerebral artery

Question 18

The wrap around arteries supply what areas?

Answer 18

Dorsal lateral areas of their respective sections

Question 19

What arteries supply the Cerebrum?

Answer 19

Middle cerebral A.
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

Question 20

What arteries supply the cerebellum?

Answer 20

Superior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 21

What arteries supply the brainstem?

Answer 21

Pantone branches

Anterior spinal artery

Question 22

What are the branches that make up the circle of Willis?

Answer 22

Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery

Question 23

What are the branches of the circle of Willis and the proximal part of the middle cerebral artery called?

Answer 23

Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches

Question 24

What are the four groups of the Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches?

Answer 24

Anteromedial
Anterolateral (aka lateral striate or lenticulostriate)
Posteromedial
Posterolateral

Question 25

What do the 4 groups of the Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches supply

Answer 25

they supply diencephalic areas, internal capsule, basal ganglia, and midbrain

Question 26

The internal capsule is supplied by what 3 arteries?

Answer 26

Lateral striate (lenticulostriate) branches of middle cerebral artery Medial striate branch of anterior cerebral artery Branches of anterior choroidal artery

Question 27

Why does the brain need a constant flow rate of blood?

Answer 27

Because brain does not effectively store oxygen or glucose

Question 28

What is it called when arterioles directly controls the contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 28

Intra luminary pressure

Question 29

What is the cone range for arterial BP for the brain in terms of global cerebral flow?

Answer 29

65 - 140 mmHg

Question 30

What type of Flow varies in response to local neuronal activity and therefore local metabolic demand

Answer 30

Regional blood flow

Question 31

What are the 3 main functions of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 31

Modulation of the entry of metabolic substrates Control of ion movements Prevention of access to the CNS by toxins

Question 32

Brain damaged by hypertension, ischemia, infection, or cerebral tumors causes what?

Answer 32

B-B barrier to breakdown

Question 33

What kind of capillaries make up the B-B barrier?

Answer 33

Continuous capillaries

Question 34

Endothelial cells in the B-B barrier contain enzymes for what?

Answer 34

ion and metabolite transport

Question 35

What are Circumventricular organs?

Answer 35

organs have no blood-brain barrier

Question 36

What are the 3 Circumventricular organs?

Answer 36

Area postrema Neurohypophysis Pineal