Flashcards in Vitamins Deck (61)
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1
Vitamin A: Functions
Vision (rhodopsin), immunity, growth
2
Vitamin A: Sources
Preformed: Animal Products; PrOformed: red/orange/yellow plants & dark green leafy veggies
3
Vitamin A: Deficiency
eye problems: night blindness, xerosis, xeropthalmia, Bitot's Spots
4
What is the #1 nutritional deficiency world wide?
Vitamin A
5
Vitamin A: Toxicity
dry skin, bone pain, hair loss
6
Vitamin D (calciferol): Functions
prohormone, calcium & phosphorus absorption
7
Vitamin D (calciferol): Sources
D3 (cholecalciferol): fortified dairy, fatty fish, hydroxylated in liver and kidneys to fully activate as calcitriol
8
Vitamin D becomes fully activated in which organs and into what compound?
Vitamin D is hydroxylated to Calcitriol in the liver and kidneys
9
Vitamin D (calciferol): Deficiency
Rickets, Autoimmune disease
10
Vitamin D (calciferol): Toxicity
Hypercalcemia
11
Vitamin D (calciferol): RDA
<1 = 400 IU/D; 1-70 = 600 IU/D; >70 = 800 IU/D
12
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Functions
Antioxidant in plasma membrane
13
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Sources
Nuts/Seeds, Vegetable Oil, Olive Oil, Peanut Butter
14
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Deficiency
hemolytic anemia in infants, peripheral neuropathy
15
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Toxicity
No known toxicity from foods; supplements may thin the blood
16
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone & Menoquinone): Functions
Formation of carboxyglutamates in clotting (fibrinogen pathway) and bone formation (osteocalcin); Side note: carboxyglutamates are calcium-binding sites
17
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone): Sources
Dark green leafy veggies
18
Vitamin K (Menoquinone): Sources
meat, eggs, also produced by gut bacteria
19
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone & Menoquinone): Deficiency
increased blood loss due to lack of clotting, (shots of vitamin K are given to infants at birth to prevent vitamin K-associated bleeding in the brain
20
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone & Menoquinone): Toxicity
None
21
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Functions
antioxidant (regenerates vitamin E), required for collagen synthesis (formation of hydroxyproline & hydroxylysine), nonheme iron absorption
22
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Sources
citrus fruits, peppers
23
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Deficiency
Scurvy
24
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Toxicity
Diarrhea
25
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): RDA is higher in which population?
smokers have higher requirements than non-smokers
26
Thiamin (B1): Functions
coenzyme (TPP/TDP - Thiamin pyrophosphate), noncoenzyme (TTP - Thiamin triphosphate), Required by nervous system
27
Thiamin (B1): Sources
Enriched Grains, meats, legumes; (raw fish contain thiamin degrading enzymes)
28
Thiamin (B1): Deficiency
Fatigue, weakness, Beriberi, Wernicke's Encephalopathy in Alcoholics
Acute beriberi - infants
Wet beriberi - adults
Dry beriberi - older patients (muscle weakness, calf pain, difficulty walking
29
Thiamin (B1): Toxicity
None
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