Week 5

Question 1

Why are there no impact craters on Io?

Answer 1

It did have impact craters by the surface was repaved by lava flows

Question 2

What is Jupiter’s Great Red Spot?

Answer 2

A long-lived, high-pressure storm

Question 3

Why do asteroids and comets differ in composition?

Answer 3

Asteroids formed inside the ice or frost line while comets formed outside

Question 4

You can see your lecturer in class (if you are there) because

Answer 4

They reflect visible light

Question 5

Grass looks green because

Answer 5

It reflects green light and absorbs other colours

Question 6

The large gaps in the asteroid belt are formed by

Answer 6

Orbital resonances with Jupiter

Question 7

How are frequency, wavelength and energy related for photons of light?

Answer 7

Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy

Question 8

Overall, Jupiter’s composition is most like that of

Answer 8

The suns

Question 9

Jovian planet formation

Answer 9

-Frozen hydrogen compounds (ices) formed
planetesimals which build-up to proto-planets
-Larger due abundance of ices and rocks
-Massive planets gravitationally attract H and
He gas

Question 10

Why are Jupiter and Saturn larger than Uranus and Neptune?

Answer 10

• Solar nebula less dense further out

- takes longer to accumulate mass

Question 11

Jupiter’s internal structure

Answer 11

No solid surface

Question 12

Jovian planet heat emmision

Answer 12

• Emits more heat than it receives from the Sun

- due to continued contraction

Question 13

Jupiter red clouds

Answer 13

• lower altitude clouds
• warmer
• emit more infrared light

Question 14

Jupiter white clouds

Answer 14

• high altitude clouds
• cooler
• emit less infrared light

Question 15

Jupiters surface clouds

Answer 15

Dynamic clouds of ammonia

Question 16

Jupiter and saturn magnetic field?

Answer 16

Electrical conduction due to metallic Hydrogen

Question 17

Jovian planets moons + rings

Answer 17

All have extensive moon and ring systems

Question 18

What stops moonlets accreting into larger moons?

Answer 18

tidal forces

Question 19

What forms rings

Answer 19

ongoing small Moonlet impacts blasting off dust and debris that continues to orbit the planet

Question 20

2 types of moon

Answer 20

• captured

- formed in accretion disk around planet

Question 21

Captured moon

Answer 21

smaller, irregular shapes, little geological activity, irregular orbits

Question 22

Moon formed in accretion disk around planet

Answer 22

larger, regular orbits, surfaces, lots of ice

Question 23

Io volcano causes

Answer 23

Geological activity due to tidal stresses

Question 24

Titan

Answer 24

• second largest moon of jupiters
• similar geology to earth
• thick atmosphere
• greenhouse effect
• liquid lakes

Question 25

Red rings

Answer 25

either empty rings or dirty particles

Question 26

Turquoise rings

Answer 26

have icy particles

Question 27

Ring density

Answer 27

brighter parts are denser

Question 28

Asteroids

Answer 28

- Rocks | - cratered and not round

Question 29

Where are asteroids mainly found

Answer 29

Most asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

Question 30

Trojan asteroids

Answer 30

Asteroids that follow jupiters orbit

Question 31

Meteroite

Answer 31

rock from space that falls through earths atmosphere

Question 32

meteor

Answer 32

bright trail left by meteroite

Question 33

Where are most comets?

Answer 33

in deep freeze in the outer solar system

Question 34

What causes a comets tail?

Answer 34

when it melts due to getting to close to the sun

Question 35

comets

Answer 35

- leftover icy plasatesimals | - nucleus a dirty snowball

Question 36

Plasma tail

Answer 36

- charged particles interacting with solar wind - points directly away from sun - blue

Question 37

Dust tail

Answer 37

- melted parts of comet | - pushed by photons

Question 38

coma

Answer 38

the atmosphere that comes from a comet's heated nucleus

Question 39

meteor showers

Answer 39

Seen when earth crosses a comets orbit and can see the small particles left behind that follow the comet around in its orbit

Question 40

Life of a comet

Answer 40

-Small icy planetesimals formed in the regions between Jupiter and Nepture -Gravitational interactions with the jovian planets changed their orbits - inner solar, melts -outer solar system, Oort cloud, ‘deep freeze’

Question 41

oort cloud

Answer 41

random orbits of comets extending to about 50,000 AU

Question 42

Kuiper belt

Answer 42

on orderly orbits of comets from 30–100 AU in disk of solar system, outside neptune

Question 43

How did comets get to the oort cloud

Answer 43

ejected by gravitational interactions with jovian planets

Question 44

How did comets get to the Kuiper belt

Answer 44

formed there

Question 45

How did a meteorite cause a mass extinction

Answer 45

- meteroite hits earth - Creates a lot of dust upon impact - dust goes into atmosphere and blocks sun - reduces plant growth hence causing lack of food - mass extinction

Question 46

Light Emission

Answer 46

matter releases energy as light

Question 47

Light Absorption

Answer 47

matter absorbs light

Question 48

Light Transmission

Answer 48

- Transparent objects allow light to pass through | - Opaque objects block (absorb) light

Question 49

Light reflection/scattering

Answer 49

changes the direction of light travel but not its energy

Question 50

Is light a particle or a wave?

Answer 50

It is both particle and wave like

Question 51

Wavelength and Frequency

Answer 51

Increase wave length | decreases wave frequency

Question 52

speed of light

Answer 52

wavelength x frequency (it is constant)

Question 53

Energy of light

Answer 53

Frequency and enegry are related (both are inversly proportional to wave length) E = h x f = photon energy

Question 54

The electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 54

range of frequencies of light

Question 55

Visible light wave length

Answer 55

400-700nm

Question 56

Why are things different colours on earth?

Answer 56

Each type of atom has a unique set of energy levels, and will reflect different wave lengths of light

Question 57

Doppler Shift: Sound

Answer 57

-If the objects if coming towards us, the pitch is higher (smaller wavelength/higher frequency) -If it is going away, pitch is lower (longer wavelength/lower frequency)

Question 58

Doppler Shift: Light

Answer 58

- Blue shift: Light coming towards us (shorter wavelength and higher frequency) - Red shift: light going away from us (longer wavelength/lower frequency)