Chap 9 - Social & Emotional Dev

Question 0

Ainsworth strange situation

Answer 0

A sequence of staged episodes that illustrate the strength of attachment between a child & typically his/her mother

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

The positive emotional bond that develops between a child & a particular individual

Question 2

Secure attachment pattern

Answer 2

A style of attachment in which children use the mother as a kind of home base & are at ease when she is present; when she leaves, they become upset

Question 3

Avoidant attachment pattern

Answer 3

A style of attachment in which children do not seek proximity to the mother; after the mother has left, they seem to avoid her when she returns

Question 4

Ambivalent attachment pattern

Answer 4

A style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive & negative reactions to their mothers

Question 5

Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern

Answer 5

A style of attachment in which children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior

Question 6

Stranger anxiety

Answer 6

The caution & wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person

Question 7

Separation anxiety

Answer 7

The distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs

Question 8

Social referencing

Answer 8

The intentional search for info about others’ feelings to help make sense of uncertain circumstances & events

Question 9

Emotional self-regulation

Answer 9

The capability to adjust one’s emotions to a desired state & level of intensity

Question 10

Disengagement theory

Answer 10

The period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, & social levels

Question 11

Activity theory

Answer 11

The theory suggesting that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, & social interactions with which they were involved during middle age

Question 12

Continuity theory

Answer 12

The theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being & self- esteem

Question 13

Personality

Answer 13

The sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another

Question 14

Temperament

Answer 14

Patterns of arousal & emotionality that are consistent & enduring characteristics of an individual

Question 15

Easy babies

Answer 15

Babies who have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly, & they are adaptable

Question 16

Difficult babies

Answer 16

Babies who have negative moods & are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw

Question 17

Slow-to-warm babies

Answer 17

Babies who are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, & they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly

Question 18

Goodness of fit

Answer 18

The notion that development is dependent on the degree of match between children’s temperament & the nature & demands of the environment in which they are being raised

Question 19

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

Answer 19

The theory that considers how individuals come to understand themselves & the meaning of others’ –& their own–behavior

Question 20

Trust-versus-mistrust stage

Answer 20

According to Erikson, the period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers

Question 21

Autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage

Answer 21

The period during which, according to Erikson, toddlers (aged 18 months to 3 years) develop independence & autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame & self-doubt if they are restricted & overprotected

Question 22

Initiative-versus-guilt stage

Answer 22

According to Erikson, the period during which children aged 3 to 6 experience conflict between independence of action & the sometimes negative results of that action

Question 23

Industry-versus-inferiority stage

Answer 23

The period from age 6-12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, & the other complexities of the modern world

Question 24

Identity-versus-identity-confusion stage

Answer 24

The period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique & distinctive about themselves

Question 25

Intimacy-versus-isolation stage

Answer 25

According to Erikson, the period of postadolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others

Question 26

Generativity-versus-stagnation stage

Answer 26

According to Erikson, the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family & society

Question 27

Ego-integrity-versus-despair stage

Answer 27

Erikson’s final stage of life, characterized by a process of looking back over one’s life, evaluating it, & coming to terms with it

Question 28

Midlife crisis

Answer 28

A stage of uncertainty & indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite

Question 29

Redefinition-of-self-versus-preoccupation-with-work-role

Answer 29

The theory that those in old age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work roles or occupations; Peck

Question 30

Body-transcendence-versus-body-preoccupation

Answer 30

A period in which people must learn to cope with & move beyond changes in physical capabilities as a result of aging; Peck

Question 31

Ego-transcendence-versus-ego-preoccupation

Answer 31

The period in which elderly people must come to grips with their coming death; Peck

Question 32

Traits

Answer 32

Enduring dimensions of personality characteristics along which people differ