12.1 - Drugs used in Psychiatric Diseases Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the 3 core symptoms of depression and associated symptoms?
Core - anhedonia (lacking pleasure from things), decreased energy, low mood
Associated - Loss of conc, decreased apetite, sleep disturbance, irritability
What are the 2 theories behind the development of depression?
1) Monoamine neurotransmittters are deficient
2) Monoamine receptors are deficient
What are the 4 classes of antidepressants?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), TCAs, Serotonin-noradrnaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Why are MAOIs rarely used?
Serious ADRs and DDIs
give 2 examples SSRI drugs
Citalopram, Fluoxetine
Give SSRI ADRs
SSRI
Serotonin syndrome, Stimulate CNS, reproductive dysfunction in males, Insomnia
Give the MoA of TCAs
Block reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline at presynaptic membrane
Give 2 examples of TCAs
imipramine, lofepramine
Give ADRs of TCAs
TCA’S
Thrombocytopenia, Cardiac (arrhythmia, MI, Stroke), Anticholinergic (tachy, urinary retention etc), seizures
Give an example SNRIs
Venlafaxine
Give the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations, disturbances of thinking, delusions, behavioural change
Give the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Social withdrawal, apathy, anhedonia
Give the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
selective attention, poor memory, reduced astract thought
What is the main theory behind development of schizophrenia?
Too much dopamine being released
How do typical anti-psychotics work in schizophrenia? Name 2 examples
D2 antagonists.
examples - haloperidal, chloropromazine
How do atypical anti-psychotics work in schizophrenia? Give 4 example drugs. Why are they preferred?
D2 antagonists
examples - risperidone, olanzipine, clozapine, quetiapine
preferred due to less ADRs
Give the ADRs of antipsychotics
Weight gain (esp olanzipine), hyperprolactinemia, extra-pyramidal side effects, cardiac toxicity
Define anxiety
Fear out of proportion of the situation so that individuals undergo avoidance or physical symptoms e.g. light headedness, SOB
How do you treat anxiety disorders? What is their MoA? How would you treat an overdose? ADRs?
Benzodiazepines
MoA - Act on GABARs to enhance effect
ADRs - dependence, drowsiness, dizziness
Overdose treated with flumazenil - BZD antagonist
Define bipolar disorder
episodes of mania and dperession with poor concentration, sleep, rapid speech, poor judgement
How do you treat bipolar disorder? ADRs?
Lithium mainly but sodium valproate and carbamazepine can be used
ADRs - memory problems, thirst polyuria, tremor, nephrotoxin
