3.2

Question 1

Mesenchyme

Answer 1

forms from the embryonic mesoderm layer

Question 2

Embryonic ECTOderm forms what

Answer 2

superficial skin and lining structures, and neural tissue like
-skin cells
-neurons
-pigment cell

Question 3

Embryonic ENDOderm forms what

Answer 3

inner body lining like
-lung cells
-thyroid cells
-pancreatic cell

Question 4

What is the most common type of tissue in the body

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

-forms the framework for the body as well as for individual organ
-allows for energy storage (as fat) and fluid transport (as blood and limp)

Question 6

Matrix

Answer 6

Separates cells from one another

Question 7

Connective tissue Matrix includes

Answer 7

Fibers and ground substances

Question 8

Fibers

Answer 8

may be branched or straight, rigid or stretchy

Question 9

Ground substance

Answer 9

space filling material that contains minerals and other chemicals and may be any consistency from liquid to rigid

Question 10

Connective tissue cells include

Answer 10

-fibroblasts
-macrophages
-mesenchymal cells

Question 11

fibroblast

Answer 11

-most common
-cells that form fibers and secrete them into the matrix
-form the main cells of areolar connective tissue

Question 12

macrophages

Answer 12

patrol the tissues and carry out phagocytosis of foreign cells and material (controls for infection)

Question 13

mesenchymal cells

Answer 13

-stem cells to replenish damaged connective tissue

Question 14

Connective fiber types inculde

Answer 14

-collagen
-elastic
-reticular

Question 15

Collagen

Answer 15

-forms thick, stiff, bundles that resist stretching
-examples: tendons and ligaments

Question 16

Elastic

Answer 16

-thin and very stretchy
-forms flexible areas such as the air passages of the lungs

Question 17

Reticular

Answer 17

-thin and highly branched
-forms the frame work of organs such as the spleen

Question 18

Areolar

Answer 18

loose connective tissue forms thin structural networks throughout the body

Question 19

what does the matrix of loose connective tissue contain

Answer 19

a gel like ground substance with embedded collagen and elastic fibers

Question 20

Adipose connective tissue is also known as _____. what are its uses

Answer 20

-fat
-energy storage and cushioning

Question 21

What are the main cells of adipose tissue

Answer 21

adipocytes

Question 22

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 22

• matrix are highly branched and networked
  -provides a support framework for soft glandular organs like the spleen and liver

Question 23

What are the main cells found in reticular tissue

Answer 23

fibroblasts and fixed macrophages

Question 24

Dense regular connective tissues form what

Answer 24

form tendons, which connect muscle to bone, and the ligaments, which connect bone to bone

Question 25

what makes up the matrix of dense connective tissue

Answer 25

mostly collagen with some elastic fibers, in a tough ground substance

Question 26

why does the rigidity of the matrix make tendons and ligament damage hard to heal

Answer 26

the dense regular connective tissue is mostly avascular

Question 27

Dense irregular connective tissue forms what

Answer 27

the skin dermis and the coverings of bones

Question 28

The cells and irregular connective tissue matrix composition are similar to what

Answer 28

dense regular connective tissue but are not as rigidly organized

Question 29

having a disorganized irregular connective tissue matrix allows for what

Answer 29

dense irregular connective tissue to receive stress from any direction without damage

Question 30

Where are elastic connective tissue is found

Answer 30

it is found in areas that must endure a lifetime of stretching and recoiling without damage

Question 31

what are examples of elastic connective tissue

Answer 31

walls of the large blood vessels, mesentery, and in the respiratory passagesways

Question 32

the matrix of elastic connective tissues contain

Answer 32

mostly elastic fibers, with some collagen

Question 33

blood -what type of tissue -function -composition

Answer 33

-liquid connective tissue that moves water and solutes through the body -made up of red blood cells. white blood cells, and platelet cell fragments

Question 34

Bloods matrix is composed of what

Answer 34

liquid plasma

Question 35

when are fibers in blood generally seen

Answer 35

only during clotting

Question 36

what forms the main body structural support system

Answer 36

bone

Question 37

what are the cells of bone tissue

Answer 37

-osteocytes -osteoblasts -osteoclast

Question 38

what is the matrix of bone forms by

Answer 38

collagen fibers embedded within calcium and phosphate salt rings

Question 39

Cartilage -vascular or avasular

Answer 39

- avascular and relies on diffusion from vascular tissues for its nutrient and oxygen supply

Question 40

the cartilage matrix contains

Answer 40

extensive proteoglycans

Question 41

proteoglycans

Answer 41

proteins with attached polysaccarides

Question 42

Hyaline cartilage -found where -examples

Answer 42

-found in areas of the body that require flexible support -examples: ribs, sternum, and nasal septum

Question 43

Cartilage cells

Answer 43

Chondrocytes and are easy to see in a micrograph and look like grapes

Question 44

the matrix of hyaline cartilage

Answer 44

has a glassy appearance due to the abundance of very thine fine collagen fibers associated with proteoglycans

Question 45

Fibrous cartilage

Answer 45

-is a tough cartilage that serves as a shock absorber for high stress areas -example: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Question 46

Fibrous cartilage matrix contains what

Answer 46

many large thick collagen fibers

Question 47

Elastic cartilage vs hyaline cartilage flexibility

Answer 47

Elastic cartilage exhibits a greater degree of flexibility

Question 48

Elastic cartilage matrix

Answer 48

has a large amount of elastic fibers

Question 49

membranes are composed of

Answer 49

epithelial tissue and underlying connective tissue

Question 50

what are the 4 types of membranes

Answer 50

-mucous -serous -cutaneous -synovial

Question 51

mucous membrane

Answer 51

-contains cells that release mucus to trap particles and decrease friction -found in the mouth, anus, vagina, and nasal passage

Question 52

Serous membrane

Answer 52

- very delicate and secrete water serous fluid -it lines the abdomen and thorax and cover the internal organs -the pleural membrane of the lung, pericardial membrane of the heart, and peritoneal membrane of the abdomen

Question 53

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 53

-thicker, drier, tougher, and more waterproof membranes - the skin is an example

Question 54

Synovial membrane

Answer 54

-entirely connective tissue and they secrete synovial fluid - the line mobile joint cavities to form a joint capsule, but they do not directly cover the bone surface