Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Liver Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of cirrhosis?

A

etoh, viral hepatitis, biliary ds. hereditary hemochromatosis, wilsons ds. A1AT def, NAFLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 3 most common causes of death in cirrhosis?

A

hepatic failure
portal htn
hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the some symptoms of hepatic failure

A

Jaundice, hypoalbunemia, bleeding, hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, endocrine and renal failure, encephalopathy, pulmonary and portal htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hepatic failure? Chronic?

A

acetaminophen OD

cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sinusoidal/central venous fibrosis, parenchymal nodules, arterial portal anastamoses adn hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation are all causes of what liver pathology?

A

Portal htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of portal htn?

A

ascites, splenomegaly, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would be seen on a liver biopsy fo a pt. with alcoholic steatosis?

A

enlarged lipid vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IF you see mallory bodies think this, yo.

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the differences seen in imaging between early and late alcoholic cirrohsis?

A

Early- enlarged fatty liver w/micronodules

Late - shrunken, nonfatty, w/variable nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of mortalitiy in alcoholic cirrhosis?

A 
Hepatic encephalopathy
Esopahgeal varices
Infection
Hetaptorenal syndrome
Hepatocellular carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the diff between types of pt with non- alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease?

A

Non-alcoholic - obese, T-II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and mucho insulin resistance
alcoholic - alcohol consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

inflammatory destruction of small and medium intrahepatic bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx tests for PBC?

A

ALP/GGT - elevated
AMA antibodies or (ANA and ASMA/AIH)
CD8+ T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would a typical PBC look like and present as?

A

Middle age european female with pruritis, xanthelmsa/xanthoma, steatorrhea, osteomalacia/osteoporosis and other autoimmune ds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name causes of secondary billiary cirrhosis?

A

Stones, tumors, atresia, CFTR, choledocal cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What autoimmune disease is associated with PSC?

A

IBD - 70% of patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the key finding for PSC?

A

Beaded cholangiogram and atypical p-ANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Hereditary hemochromatosis.

A

AR decrease in hepcidin synth –> increased Iron absorption. Treated with phlebotomy and iron chelations. Also called bronze diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes secondary hemochromatosis

A

parenteral overload
ineffective erythoproeisis
increased oral effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Key difference in biopsy between hereditary and secondary hemochromatosis?

A

in hereditary iron in hepatocytes while in secondary it is in the Kupfer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the defect in Wilson’s disease?

A

AR defect in ATP7B- so you can secrete copper and ceruloplasmin into bile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When would you suspect Wilson’s ds?

A

A teen with liver disease where all tests are coming up negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would you see in a liver bx. in A1AT?

A

build up of A1AT in hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of A1AT would involve what tests?

A

A1AT level, A1AT phenotype, liver bx. : PAS + cytoplasmic globular inclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the difference between a direct and unpredictable cause of drug induced liver injury?

A

direct: all individuals sustain the same level of injury from the same dose
unpredictable: level of damage is dependent on the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are two causes of neonatal cholestasis?

A

biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe neonatal hepatitis?

A

hepatitis caused by biliary atresia, A1AT inherited metabolic deficiency, tyrosinemia, CFTR, drug toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What type of bilirubin accumulates in neonatal cholestasis?

A

conjugated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the causes of granulomatous hepatitis?

A

50% idiopathic, 20% Sarcoidosis, 5% drugs, 3% TB

30
Q

Which liver enzyme is specific to hepatocellular damage?

A

ALT (alanine aminotransferase)

31
Q

An AST:ALT >2 indicates what etiology of liver disease?

A

alcoholic

32
Q

What are the liver function enzyme tests that would indicate a cholestatic etiology of liver disease?

A

ALP and GGT (ALP&raquo_space;> ALT and AST)

33
Q

If you see an increase in plasma cells on a liver bx., index of suspicion for what diseases are raised?

A

AIH and PBC (primary biliary cirrhosis)

34
Q

Contrast the patterns seen on liver bx. for HBV and HCV

A

HBV- ground glass

HCV- periportal hepatitis and mild steatosis

35
Q

What does grading of a liver bx. sample tell you?

A

the amount of fibrosis

36
Q

When should you be concerned about Gilbert’s syndrome?

A

Never, it is benign, may have icterus and elevated bilirubin during stressed times

37
Q

What is acute cholangitis? What can cause it?

A

secondary bacterial infection of biliary tree, may be caused by hepatocellular cholestasis

38
Q

Centrilobular fibrosis caused by cor pulomonale, hepatic vein thrombosis, CHF and shock is called this

A

Chronic passive congestion

39
Q

radiation, BMT, chemo damage the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium causing lesions of small veins, narrowing of central veins

A

sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

40
Q

Cardiac sclerosis is caused by these two liver vascular problems

A

Chronic passive congestion

centrilobular hemorrhaic necrosis

41
Q

What is portal vein thrombosis caused by?

A 
extrahepatic = trauma, intrabdominal sepsis, pancreatitis, hypercoaguable disorder
intrahepatic = cirrhosis and carcinoma
42
Q

Blood filled spaces in liver caused by anabolic steroid or bartonella infection?

A

Peliosis hepatitis

43
Q

What causes acute massive hepatic necrosis? Likley outocomes?

A

acute hep., drug/toxin, vascular disease, AIH, Wilson’s

Death or full recovery

44
Q

Dx tools used for autoimmune hepatitis.

A

Type 1 - (ANA) (SMA) (anti-SLA/LP)

Type II - anti (ALKM-1), (ALC-1)

45
Q

What does HELLP stand for?

A

hemolysis, eleveated liver enzymes, liver platelets

46
Q

Dx sign of Acute fatty liver or pregnancy

A

microvesicalar steatosis

47
Q

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is caused by this normal effect of pregnancy

A

elevated estrogen

48
Q

What are liver complications of a bone marrow transplant?

A

drug toxicity, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, graft vs host ds

49
Q

congenital dilation of the bile duct?

A

choledochal cyst

50
Q

What disorders make up Caroli’s disease?

A

Intrahpetiac dilations + congenital hep fibrosis

51
Q

AR non-cirrhotic liver disease of kids?

A

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

52
Q

What is nodular regenerative hyperplasia?

A

diffuse nonfibrosing nodular hyperplasia

53
Q

Typical patient for hepatocellular adenoma?

A

young woman on oral estrogen contraceptions

54
Q

What is the big concern with bile duct hamartoma?

A

nodules look like metastatic carcinoma

55
Q

benign proliferation of bile ducts

A

bile duct adenoma

56
Q

Describe the gross signs of HCC

A

solitary large mass or multiple nodules, soft, hemorrhagic

57
Q

What is ironic about fibrolamellar variant of HCC?

A

Young patients with no cirrhosis or hepatitis. Also a firm lesion

58
Q

what things increase risk of intrahepatic carcinoma (cholangiocarcinoma)

A

liver flukes, PSC, carolis ds, congential hepatic fibrosis, choledochal cyst, viral hep b/c, NAFLD

59
Q

what is perihilar/klastkin tumor?

A

tumor at R/L hepatic duct confluence

60
Q

Why is the prognosis for distal extrahepatic cholaniocarcinoma worse than most others?

A

it infiltrates into surrounding tissue

61
Q

Describe cholesterol stones

A

water soluble, supersaturated bile, usually drugs cause these stones

62
Q

common causes of pigment stones

A

bacterial and parasitic infection, disorders of hemolysis

63
Q

Symptoms of acute cholecystitis

A

epigastric RUQ pain, leukocytosis

64
Q

What condition is always present in chronic cholecystisit?

A

cholestatis

65
Q

dystrophic calcification of the gallbladder wall is called this

A

porcelain glalbladder

66
Q

describe cholesterolosis

A

accumulation of lipif laden macrophages (foamy) and yellow flecks

67
Q

Mucocele/hydrops of the gallbladder involves this finding?

A

distended gallbladder with atrophic wall

68
Q

This thickening of the gall bladders wall is not a true neoplasm.

A

Adenomyoma of the gallbladder

69
Q

Why is gallbladder carcinoma so dangerous?

A

Often silent, already metastasized to liver at diagnosis.

70
Q

this benign growth of the gall bladder can progress into adenocarcinoma

A

adenoma of gallbladder

GI (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions