Session 3 - Autonomic Supply to the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes of spinal nerves? What do they do?

A
  1. General somatic afferents – general sensation
  2. General visceral afferents – visceral sensation
  3. General visceral efferents – Visceral structures
  4. General somatic Efferents – Skeletal muscles
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2
Q

What are the 3 extra classes of special cranial nerves? What do they do?

A
  1. Special visceral efferents – muscles derived from pharyngeal arches (CNV, VII, IX, X)
  2. Special somatic afferents – equilibration, hearing, and sight
  3. Special visceral afferents – taste
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3
Q

What is the general structure of outflow of autonomic signals?

A

Specific CNS nuclei –> Autonomic Ganglion –> Effector organ

Pre-ganglionic Axon Post-ganglionic axon

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves go to the head and neck region?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve goes to viscera?

A

CN X

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6
Q

What are the names of the 12 cranial nerves?

A

I - Olfactory

II - Optic

III - Oculomotor

IV - Trochlear

V - Trigeminal

VI - Abducent (Abducens)

VII - Facial

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

IX - Glossopharyngeal

X - Vagus

XI - Spinal Accessory

XII - Hypoglossal

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Girly Vaginas So Heavenly

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7
Q

What is the function of the 12 cranial cranial nerves?

A

I - Sensory

II - Sensory

III - Motor

IV - Motor

V - Both

VI - Motor

VII - Both

VIII - Sensory

IX - Both

X - Both

XI - Motor

XII - Motor

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More

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8
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation of the H&N come from? Where is this found?

A

Sympathetic Trunk

  • Anterolateral to the vertebral column
  • Lying on the prevertebral fascia and muscles
  • Deep to the carotid sheath
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9
Q

What are the 3 cervical sympathetic ganglia? What are they known as after synapsing? Where do they travel?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

After synapsing, known as internal and external carotid nerves. Travel alongside BVs to target tissues.

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10
Q

What 3 structures does the superior cervical ganglion supply?

A

The Pharyngeal Plexus
The Upper 4 Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

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11
Q

What 2 structures does the middle cervical ganglion supply?

A

The 5th and 6th Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

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12
Q

What 2 structures does the inferior cervical ganglion supply?

A

The 7th and 8th Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

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13
Q

What are the 4 pairs of parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

A

Ciliary Ganglion
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Submandibular Ganglion
Otic Ganglion

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14
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves that have brainstem nuclei?

A

Oculomotor (CN III)
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)

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15
Q

Which ganglia are following CNs associated with?

a) oculomotor
b) facial
c) glossopharyngeal

A

a) ciliary ganglion
b) pterygopalatine / submandibular ganglion
c) Otic ganglion

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16
Q

Where does the ciliary ganglion lie?

A

Orbital cavity

17
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine ganglion lie? What PS structures and Sympathetic structures does it control?

A

Lies in pterygopalatine fossa

PS - Lacrimal glands, glands of nose, palate and nasopharynx

Sympathetic - Superior cervical ganglion

18
Q

What PS and Sym structures does the ciliary ganglion supply?

A

PS - Sphincter papillae, ciliary muscles

19
Q

What PS and sym structures does the Submandibular ganglion supply?

A

PS - submandibular gland, sublingual

20
Q

What sym and PS strctures does the Otic ganglion supply?

A

PS - parotid

Sym - Parotid gland

21
Q

What causes Horner’s Syndrome? How does it manifest?

A

Interruption of a cervical sympathetic trunk

Features on ipsilateral side of head:

  • Miosis - constriction of pupil
  • Ptosis
  • Vasodilation - Redness and increased temp of skin
  • Anhydrosis - Absence of sweating.
22
Q
A