Passive Care - Low Volt Flashcards
1
Q
Low Volt: Action
A
Electrochemical
Electrokinetic
Depends on Polarity Used
2
Q
Low Volt: Acute / Positive Pole
A
ANODE ACTS LIKE ICE Vasoconstricts Produces Acid Reaction in Skin Repels Alkaline Attracts Oxygen Repels Hydrogen Causes Ischemia Hardens Tissue Pain Relief Astringent
REPELS METALS Magnesium - edema, IVD, DJD, arthritis, neuritis, PNE Calcium - adhesions, capsulitis Copper - fungus Zinc - ulcers, gyn, derm Histamine - PVD, spasm Hyaluronidase - post trauma swelling Potassium - sprains Xylocaine - painful ROM Hydrocortisone - DJD, PNE
3
Q
Low Volt: Chronic / Negative Pole
A
CATHODE ACTS LIKE HEAT Vasodilates Produces alkaline reaction in skin Repels acid Repels oxygen Attracts hydrogen Hyperemia Softens tissue Relieves chronic pain Increases digestion
REPELS NON METALS Salicylate - pain, inflammation, arthritis Iodine - sears, adhesions Chloride - adhesions and scars Acetate - calcium deposits, bursitis Niacin - PVD, arthritis PABA - scleroderma Novocaine / Alcohol - strains Hesperidin - ecchymosis
4
Q
Low Volt: Wave Form
A
Direct Current
Square Form
5
Q
Low Volt: Indication
A
For polar effects of iontophoresis in connective tissue ‘itis’, disease, or injuries. Also electrodiagnosis and denervated muscle
6
Q
Low Volt: Contraindications
A
Sensory Impairment Recent Scar Tissue Open Wound Pregnancy (LBP) Pacemaker
7
Q
Low Volt: Penetration
A
Varies (shallowest of EMS family)
8
Q
Low Volt: Distance
A
soaked pads are placed directly on the skin
9
Q
Low Volt: Intensity
A
To patient perception (iontophoresis)….Electrochemical (sensory) 5-100 mA
To patient tolerance (contraction)…..Electrokinetic (motor) 0-5 mA
10
Q
Low Volt: Duration
A
5-20 minutes
11
Q
Low Volt: Frequency
A
Low (wimpy contraction)
12
Q
Low Volt: Special Notes
A
Iontophoresis: soluble ionic salts are forced into the body tissues by electrical energy Anode is (+) and repels positive ions Cathode is (-) and repels negative ions 2% solution mixtures are the most common
