Nephrology

Question 1

Medications that cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 1

ACEI, ARBS, pot sparing diuretics, beta blockers, dig, NSAIds, azole antifungals

Question 2

65 year old male with hematuria and vague back pain, PEx normal. Lek 5500, and Hgb 21.8. Diagnosis?

Answer 2

renal cell carcinoma

Question 3

Management of patient with 5 mm renal stone?

Answer 3

pain control

alpha blocker

Question 4

Major categories of acute kidney injury?

Answer 4

prerenal
-underperfusion of kidneys
postrenal
- obstruction in the urinary tract
intrinsic

Question 5

38 year old male has hemoptysis and chronic sinusitis. Urine shows microscopic hematuria. Type of glomerulonephritis? Tx of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 5

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

tx: cyclophosphamide
glucocorticoids

Question 6

57 year old man with diabetes and no complaints. normal hub A1c. LDL and albumin elevated. What class of meds should he begin?

Answer 6

ACEI/ARB

Question 7

prerenal azotemia causes what FeNA?

Answer 7

FeNa < 1%

Question 8

Medications that cause hypokalemia?

Answer 8

beta agonists
insulin
thiazide
loop diuretics
chloroquine

Question 9

Patient with 120 serum sodium and urine osm elevated. Tx?

Answer 9

SIADH, tx underlying problem

• water restrict, sodium supplement
• loop diuretic
• vaso receptor antagonist – conivaptan/tolvaptan

Question 10

Treatment of RTA types?

Answer 10

RTA type 1/2: bicarb, potassium, diuretics

RTA type 4: fludrocortisone, restrict pot

Question 11

Causes of metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap?

Answer 11

M - methanol
U- uremia
D - DKA
P - propylene glycol
I - iron tablets, INH
L - lactic acid
E - ethylene glycol
S - salicylates

Question 12

Tx of aspirin tox?

Answer 12

activated charcoal
IV sodium bicarb
hemodialysis

Question 13

tx of pyelo?

Answer 13

ceftriaxone, cefepime, cipro, levo

Question 14

Diuretic/class used for: acute pulmonary edema?

Answer 14

loop diuretic

Question 15

Diuretic/class used for: idiopathic hypercalciuria causing calcium stones?

Answer 15

thiazide diuretic

Question 16

Diuretic/class used for: glaucoma

Answer 16

acetazolamide

Question 17

Diuretic/class used for: mild to moderate CHF and expanded extracellular volume

Answer 17

loop diuretic, aldosterone antagonist

Question 18

diuretics used with loop or thiazide

Answer 18

potassium sparing diuretics

Question 19

Diuretic/class used for: edema with nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

loop diuretics

Question 20

Diuretic/class used for: increased ICP

Answer 20

mannitol

Question 21

Diuretic/class used for: hypercalcemia

Answer 21

loop diuretic

Question 22

Diuretic/class used for: altitude sickness

Answer 22

acetazolamide

Question 23

Diuretic/class used for: hyperaldosteronism

Answer 23

spironolactone/eplerenone

Question 24

tx for hypercalcemia

Answer 24

IV hydration
calcitonin
bisphosphonates
glucocorticoids

Question 25

most common cause of interstitial nephritis

Answer 25

meds

• abx
• beta lactams
• sulfonamides
• aminoglycosides

Question 26

Woman with body stiffness and muscle spams who had a thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. Ipsilateral contraction of the facial muscles when tapping the cheek just anterior to the ear. Cause? Tx?

Answer 26

hypocalcemia

calcium
vit D
calcitriol
recombinant human PTH