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Step 3 > Inservice Deck 5 - rapid board review > Flashcards

Inservice Deck 5 - rapid board review Flashcards

1
Q

Where do aorta disruptions caused by blunt trauma occur?

A

distal to left subclavian artery at the ligamentum arteriosum

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2
Q

Where do majority of diaphragmatic injuries occur?

A

left side where no liver protection

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3
Q

Patients under 12, which cricothyroidotomy should you perform?

A

needle instead of surgical

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4
Q

All trauma patients who come in with GCS < 8…

A

need to be intubated

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5
Q

Findings of an uncal herniation? Which nerve?

A

oculomotor nerve, ipsilateral fixed and dilated pupil

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6
Q

equation for cerebral perfusion pressure?

A

MAP - ICP = CPP

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7
Q

how does a jefferson fracture (burst fx of C1) occur?

A

axial load

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8
Q

how does a hangman’s fx occur?

A

posterior C2 elements from severe hyperextension

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9
Q

what muscle is trapped in orbital floor fx? how does it present?

A

inferior rectus muscle

limited painful upward gaze with ipsilateral cheek and lip numbness with infraorbital nerve disruption

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10
Q

what organism is associated with human bite?

A

eikenella corrodens

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11
Q

what organism is associated with cat bite?

A

pasteurella multocida

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12
Q

what organism is associated with dog bite?

A

capnocytophaga canimorsus

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13
Q

most common organ injured in penetrating trauma?

A

liver

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14
Q

most common organ injured in blunt trauma?

A

spleen

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15
Q

most common traumatic cerebral bleed?

A

SAH

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16
Q

most common cause of coma following head injury?

A

diffuse axonal injury

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17
Q

tx of WPW? what do you avoid?

A

procainamide, cardioversion

avoid AV nodal blockers

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18
Q

side effect of thrombolysis?

A

accelerated idioventricular rhythm

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19
Q

best approach for transvenous pacer?

A

right internal jugular vein

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20
Q

EKG findings in pericardial tamponade?

A

electrical alternans
tachycardia
low voltage

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21
Q

tx of torsades?

A

mg or pacing in stable pt

cardioversion in unstable pt

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22
Q

murmur of HOCM?

A

crescendo-decrescendo murmur at left sternal border

increase with valsalva or standing, decrease with squatting or hand grip

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23
Q

most common cause of left sided endo? right sided endocarditis?

A

strep viridins

staph aureus

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24
Q

patient with chest pain and neuro findings?

A

thoracic aortic dissection

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25
Q

most common cause of esophageal rupture?

A

GI procedures

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26
Q

tx of patient with fever jaundice and RUQ pain?

A

ascending cholangitis

tx abx and surgical consultation

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27
Q

button battery lodged in esophagus? in stomach?

A

emergent removal

followed outpatient in stomach for 48 hours, if not through pylorus or GI sx remove endo

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28
Q

when is SBP indicated?

A

ascitic fluid with > 500 WBCs and with > 250 PMNs

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29
Q

most common cause of pancreatitis? second most common?

A

cholelithiasis, alcohol use

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30
Q

infection with diarrhea and pet turtle or iguana, sickle cell anemia, splenectomy, poultry or eggs with fecal WBCs?

A

salmonella

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31
Q

infection with diarrhea after abx use?

A

c diff

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32
Q

infection with diarrhea after potato salad or mayo?

A

staph aureus

33
Q

infection with diarrhea after eating fried rice?

A

b cereus

34
Q

infection with diarrhea after eating raw oysters?

A

vibrio cholera

35
Q

infection with diarrhea after drinking from natural water sources?

A

giardia lamblia

36
Q

infection with diarrhea and AIDS patient?

A

isosporo or cryptosporidium

37
Q

what does e coli O157:H7 cause?

A

HUS in children

TTP in elderly

38
Q

most common cause of lower GI bleeding in adults?

A

diverticulosis

39
Q

organic causes of AMS?

A

AEIOU TIPS

alcohol
epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
insulin
overdose, oxygen
uremia
trauma, temp, toxins
infection
psychosis, porphyria, poison
stroke, shock, sepsis, lesion, SAH
40
Q

back pain with bowel or bladder dysfunction?

A

cauda equina syndrome

41
Q

back pain with upper back pain and syncope

A

thoracic aortic dissection

42
Q

mid lower back pain with syncope?

A

AAA

43
Q

sudden flank pain similar to ureterolithiasis in older patient

A

AAA

44
Q

back pain worse at night?

A

malignancy

45
Q

back pain with history of illicit IV drug use

A

paraspinal abscess

46
Q

back pain with radicular sx/sciatica

A

disc herniation

47
Q

tearing chest pain with upper back pain and HTN

A

aortic dissection

48
Q

chest pain and neuro sx

A

type A aortic dissection

49
Q

dyspnea with chest pain, worse lying down, relieved sitting forward

A

pericarditis

50
Q

chest pressure with clenched fist on chest

A

acute cardiac ischemia

51
Q

pleuritic chest pain with dyspnea and hemoptysis

A

PE

52
Q

syncope with abd or back pain

A

AAA

53
Q

syncope in first trimester of pregnancy

A

ectopic pregnancy

54
Q

heart failure and syncope

A

aortic stenosis

55
Q

worst headache of life, vomiting, syncope

A

SAH

56
Q

syncope with palpitations

A

cardiac dysrhythmia

57
Q

syncope with abnl EKG

A

herat block, long QT, WPW syndrome, brugada syndrome

58
Q

syncope with chest pain/dyspnea

A

PE

59
Q

sx of epiglottis?

A

droooling, dysphagia, distress

60
Q

asthma red flags

A 
systemic steroids
sudden/severe exacerbations
exacerbations requiring ICU admission
2 floor admissions in 1 year
2 ED visits in the year
comorbid medical, psych, substance abuse problems
61
Q

ventilator management for ARDS?

A

low tidal volumes and PEEP

62
Q

ventilator management for asthma

A

low tidal volumes, low ventilation rate, permissive hypercapnia

63
Q

patient with COPD exacerbation and mental status changes, think what?

A

hypercapnia

64
Q

most common cause of CAP?

A

strep pneumo
h influenza
m pneumonia

65
Q

PNA after flu?

A

staph aureus

66
Q

PNA during pregnancy?

A

varicella

67
Q

PNA with abd pain, vomiting diarrhea, hyponatremia, abnl liver function

A

legionella

68
Q

PNA with bullous myringitis

A

mycoplasma

69
Q

five Ts of congenital cyanotic heart disease

A 
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of great arteries
tricuspid atresia
truncus arteriosus
total anomalous pulm venous return
  • pulm atresia and hypoplastic left heart
70
Q

non cyanotic cong heart lesions

A

VSD
PDA
endocardial cushion defect
poor feeding, diaphoresis with feeds, failure to thrive

71
Q

PDA dependent lesions. Present? Tx?

A

sudden onset of cyanosis and shock
first week of life
tx with prostaglandin E1 infusion

side effect: apnea

72
Q

infant with ambiguous genitalia and hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypoglycemia?

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

tx: hydrocortisone

73
Q

Association of gingivostomatitis in anterior mouth in pediatric?

A

herpes simplex virus

74
Q

association of gingivostomatitis in posterior involvement

A

coxsackivirus (hand, foot, mouth)

75
Q

high fever for 3-5 days in peds with diffuse lacy rash after fever?

A

roseola, human herpes virus 6

76
Q

tx of kawasaki disease?

A

aspirin, IVIG

77
Q

rule of 2s, what does it present with

A

meckel’s diverticulum

2% of population
45% of sx patients less than 2
2 cm wide
2 cm long
2 feet from iliocecal valve
78
Q

abd pain, rash, edema, nephritis, arthralgias - diagnosis?

A

HSP

Step 3 (30 decks)

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