alkanes Flashcards
1
Q
general formula for alkanes
A
CnH2n+2
2
Q
how are sigma bonds formed?
A
overlap of 2 orbitals, for each bonding atom
3
Q
what are the bond angles of alkanes?
A
109.5
4
Q
what is the shape from alkanes?`
A
tetrahedral
5
Q
explain the effect of chain length of boiling point.
A
- as the chain length increases
- surface area increases
- greater surface area of contact
- London forces increases
- more energy is needed to overcome the forces
- boiling point increases
6
Q
explain the effect of branching on boiling point
A
- more branching
- decrease in surface area of contact
- London forces increases
- less energy is needed to overcome the forces
- boiling point decreases
7
Q
explain why alkanes do not react with most common reagents.
A
- sigma bonds are strong
- C-C bonds are non- polar
- C-H bonds are non- polar
- electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are similar
8
Q
write the equation for the complete combustion of alkanes
A
alkane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
9
Q
write the equation for the incomplete combustion of alkanes
A
alkane + oxygen -> carbon monoxide/ carbon + water
10
Q
explain the limitations of radical substitution in organic synthesis
A
- further substitution resulting in a mixture of compounds being formed
- Substitution at different positions in a carbon chain
