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Respiratory Diseases > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

what is it

A

inflammation of one of both of lungs normally due to infection

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2
Q

what causes strep pneumoniae (community)

A

found worldwide - most common cause

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3
Q

what causes staph aureus (community)

A

recent flu, IV drug user

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4
Q

what causes mycoplasma pneumonia (community)

A

older kid, young adult

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5
Q

what causes legionella (community)

A

traveller - bad water

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6
Q

what causes gram negative enterobacteria (community)

A

alcoholic

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7
Q

what causes bordatella pertussis (community)

A

whooping cough / broncho pneumonia

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8
Q

what causes haemophilus influenzae (hospital)

A

atypical, nursery workers, COPD

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9
Q

what causes coxiella burnetti (hospital)

A

Q fever - sheep, goats, cattle, farm

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10
Q

what causes chlamydophilia pstaci (hospital)

A

pet birds

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11
Q

what causes klebsiella pneumoniae (hospital)

A

common in alcoholism, diabetes and chronic lung disease

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12
Q

what are other causes

A 
viral (RSV, measles)
aspiration 
fungal (aspergillus - chest infection become pneumonia)
chlamydia pneumoniae (person to person)
PCP (immunosuppressed patients)
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13
Q

what are the symptoms

A 
cough 
dyspnoea 
tachypnoea 
fever 
rigors 
sweats 
pleuritic pain 
myalgia 
malaise 
arthralgia 
preceding UTI
diarhhoea 
headache 
haemoptysis 
AF
confusion 
sputum after 24 hours
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14
Q

what are the signs

A 
fever 
rigors 
pleural rub 
cyanosis 
hypotension 
tachypnoea
pleural effusion
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15
Q

what would be found upon examination

A

crepitations
dull percussion
consolidation
tactile vocal fremitus

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16
Q

what other tests are taken to diagnose it

A

serology
blood culture
CXR, ABC, FBC, U&Es, LFTs
sputum culture

17
Q

what are severity markers

A

temp <35 or >40
cyanosis - PaCO2 <9
WBC - <4 or >30
multi lobar involvement

18
Q

treatment is dependent on CURB65 score - what is this?

A 
confusion - 1 point 
Urea >7 - 1 point 
BP<90 or <60 - 1 point 
RR <30 - 1 point 
Age >65
19
Q

community acquired treatment with CURB65 score of 0-2 (mild)

A

amoxicillin 5 days
or doxycycline
or IV clarithromycin if NBM

20
Q

community acquired treatment with CURB65 score of 3-5 (severe)

A

co-amoxicillin IV and doxycycline

allergic - IV levofloxacin

21
Q

community acquired treatment if in ICU/HDU or NBM

A

co amoxiclav and clarithromycin

allergic - IV levofloxacin

22
Q

hospital acquired treatment if severe

A

amoxicillin IV and metrondiazole and gentamicin
step down to co-trimoxazole and metrondiazole
allergic - IV co-trimoxazole and metrondiazole +/- gentamixin

23
Q

hospital acquired treatment if non severe

A

PO amoxicillin and metrondiazole

24
Q

what are complications

A

empyema
lung abscess
septicaemia

25
Q

how do you prevent it

A

pneumonia and flu vaccine
smoking cessation
treat alcohol misuse

Respiratory Diseases (24 decks)

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