Pneumothorax Flashcards

1
Q

what is it

A

collection of air in pleural space resulting in collapsed lung

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2
Q

what are primary cause

A

normal lungs then apical bullae rupture

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3
Q

what is secondary cause

A

pre-existing lung diseases eg smoking, severe asthma, COPD, marfans

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4
Q

who is it common in

A

those with existing respiratory conditions, cannabis users, smokers and tall, thin men

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5
Q

what are symptoms

A

sudden onset of pleuritic pain
SOB
tachycardia

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6
Q

what are signs

A

hyper-resonant percussion note
reduced expansion
quiet breath sounds on auscultation
hamman’s sign (click on auscultation at left side)

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7
Q

how is it diagnosed

A

CXR - small <2cm rim of air, large >2cm

ABG - hypoxia

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8
Q

treatment if <20%

A

observe, air will usually reabsorb

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9
Q

treatment if 20-50%

A

needle aspiration using 16-18G cannula sited in 2nd IC space, mid clavicular line

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10
Q

treatment if >50%

A

chest drainage - intercostal small bore drain in 5th IC space, mid auxillary line

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11
Q

treatment if recurrence

A

pleurodesis/pleurectomy

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12
Q

what is the follow up

A

CXR
discuss flying and diving (not for 6 weeks)
general recurrance risk
smoking cessation

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13
Q

what is tension pneumothorax

A

medical emergency
can lead to cardiac arrest due to one way valve mechanism (between pleural layers) resulting in increased pressure in pleural space

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14
Q

what is signs of tension pneumothorax

A
tracheal deviation 
mediastinal shift to opposite side 
hypotension 
raised JVP
reduced air entry
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15
Q

what is treatment of TP

A

O2 and needle compression usually with large bore venflon in 2nd intercostal space

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