Lung Cancer Flashcards
what are types of non-small cell lung cancer (majority)
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
large cell carcinoma
what is characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
most commonly cavitates
what is characteristics of adenocarcinomas
most common type
usually peripheral in bronchi
what is the characteristics of large cell carcinoma
typically peripheral, poorly differentiated tumours with poor prognosis, may secrete beta HCG
what is characteristics of small cell lung cancer
arises from endocrine cells
hormones secreted: ADH and ACTH
spreads early and almost always inoperable
what kind of state does malignant cancer (especially adenocarcinoma) cause
hypercoaguable state
what is symptoms
cough that lasts >2-3 weeks long standing cough that gets worse haemoptysis unexplained dyspnoea malaise weight loss persistent chest pain/shoulder pain
what are less common symptoms
clubbing, hoarse voice, difficulty or pain swallowing, increased risk of infection
what causes it
smoking
passive smoking
occupational exposure
how is it diagnosed
CXR
CT for small tumours and mediastinum (then biopsy)
FBC for anaemia
Urinanalysis
how to treat non small cell lung cancer
surgery
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
targeted agents
how to treat small cell lung cancer
chemotherapy, palliative care
what is common sites of metastases
kidney prostate breast bone GI tract cervix or ovary
