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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 12. Nervous System III (PNS-Histology) > Flashcards

12. Nervous System III (PNS-Histology) Flashcards

1
Q

4 sensory branches of CN V3

A

Long buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
IAN - mental/incisive nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

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2
Q

4 motor branches of CN V3

A

TIME muscles

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3
Q

4 other muscles that is innervated by CN V3

A

Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Mylohyoid
Ant belly of digastric

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4
Q

Innervates the buccal mucosa of Mandibular molars

A

Long buccal nerve

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5
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue (general)

A

Lingual nerve

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6
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue (TASTE)

A

Chorda tympani of Facial nerve (CN VII)

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7
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue (general and taste)

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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8
Q

Base of tongue (general and taste)

A

CN X - Vagus nerve

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9
Q

Terminal branch of IAN

A

Mental nerve (go for this in boards)

*Incisive nerve

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10
Q

Innervates the lower anterior teeth

A

Incisive nerve

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11
Q

Exit of nasopalatine nerve or “Nerve of Scarpa”

A

Incisive foramen

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12
Q

Innervates the TMJ and SCALP

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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13
Q

Syndrome associated with STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME

Path of CN V - BIRTHMARK

A

Portwine Stain

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14
Q

Other name for Sturge-Weber Syndrome

A

Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis

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15
Q

Other name for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

A

Rendu-Weber-Osler Disease

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16
Q

is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

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17
Q

Foramen of exit of Abducens nerve (CN VI)

A

SOF

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18
Q

What muscle is innervated by CN VI

A

Lateral rectus of the eye

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19
Q

Foramen of exit of Facial nerve

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

Control scalp muscles around ear

A

Auricular nerve (Facial nerve)

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21
Q

Innervates the Posterior belly of Digastric

A

Facial nerve

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22
Q

5 major branches in Parotid Gland (Facial nerve)

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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23
Q

What innervates the Parotid gland

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

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24
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of Facial nerve (Chorda tympani)

A

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

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25
Q

3 other names for CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve
Acoustic nerve
Auditory nerve

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26
Q

Foramen of exit of CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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27
Q

Nerve for sense of HEARING

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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28
Q

3 Parts of the outer ear

A

Auricle
Ear canal
Tympanic membrane / Eardrum

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29
Q

Examples of Elastic Cartilages

A

Pinna / Auricle
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube

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30
Q

What is found in the Middle ear

A 
Auditory Ossicles (HAS - MIS)
Eustachian tube
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31
Q

What structures are found in the inner ear

A

Cochlea

Semicircular canals

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32
Q

Receptor ORGAN for Hearing

A

Organ of corti

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33
Q

Sensory receptors for hearing

A

Hair cells (HAIR-ing)

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34
Q

Contains semicircular fluids for balance

A

Semicircular canals

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35
Q

Foramen of exit of CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Jugular foramen

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36
Q

Nerves that exits in the JUGULAR FORAMEN

A

IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XI - spinal accessory nerve

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37
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Parotid gland

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38
Q

General and taste sensation of Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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39
Q

Nerves involved in the Pharyngeal plexus

A

IX
X
XI

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40
Q

Innervates all muscles of Palate and Pharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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41
Q

2 Exceptions of Pharyngeal plexus

A

Tensor veli palatini (V3)

Stylopharyngeus (IX)

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42
Q

Innervates the superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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43
Q

Foramen of exit of CN X - Vagus nerve

A

Jugular foramen

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44
Q

Vagus nerve has parasympathetic innervation of what organs

A 
Heart
Lungs
Digestive tract - stomach, intestines
Kidney
Liver
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45
Q

If you cut the vagus nerve = What happens to the Heart’s function

A

Increase Force of contraction and

Heart rate

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46
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of vagus nerve to Heart =

A

Decrease force of contraction and heart rate

So pag cinut yung vagus = bibilis na

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47
Q

Once you cut the vagus nerve = Digestive tract =

A

Slow or decreased digestion

Kasi parasympathetic func sa stomach is Increased digestion = rest and digest

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48
Q

Gag reflex - MOTOR

A

Vagus nerve - CN X

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49
Q

Gag reflex - SENSORY

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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50
Q

Base of the tongue: general and taste sensation

A

Vagus nerve

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51
Q

The nerve that ENTERS and EXITS the skull

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)

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52
Q

Where does the CN XI enter?

A

Foramen magnum

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53
Q

Where does the CN XI exit?

A

Jugular foramen

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54
Q

Muscles that are innervated by CN XI

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

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55
Q

Dse assoc with sternocleidomastoid

A

Wry neck or torticollis

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56
Q

Sternocleidomastoid rotates chin towards what side

A

Opposite side of the body

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57
Q

Foramen of exit of Hypoglossal nerve (sosyal to)

A

Hypoglossal canal (sosyal may sariling canal)

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58
Q

Innervates extrinsic muscles of tongue except PALATOGLOSSUS(PP)

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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59
Q

Extrinsic muscles innervated by Hypoglossal nerve

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus

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60
Q

Palatoglossus is innervated by

A

Pharyngeal plexus (IX X XI)

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61
Q

Moves tongue inf and ant

A

Genioglossus

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62
Q

Moves tongue inf

A

Hyoglossus

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63
Q

Moves tongue sup and post

A

Styloglossus

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64
Q

Moves tongue sup towards palate and moves palate inf towards tongue

A

Palatoglossus

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65
Q

Longest intracranial nerve

A

Trochlear nerve CN IV

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66
Q

Largest nerve supplying HEAD and NECK

A

Trigeminal nerve CN V

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67
Q

What is neuralgia in CN V (Trigeminal)

A

TIC DOULOUREUX

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68
Q

Doc for Tic douloureux or Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Tegretol

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69
Q

Largest cranial nerve supplying the HUMAN BODY

A

CN X - vagus nerve

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70
Q

Largest nerve in the human body?

A

Sciatic nerve

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71
Q

What is the wandering nerve

A

CN X - Vagus nerve

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72
Q

What innervates the Parotid gland

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

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73
Q

What innervates the Submandibular and Sublingual glands?

A

CN VII - Chorda tympani

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74
Q

What cranial nerve associated with Chorda Tympani?

A

CN VII - Facial nerve

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75
Q

What is the cranial nerve that enters and exits the skull?

A

CN XI - Spinal accessory nerve

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76
Q

What cranial nerves form the Pharyngeal plexus?

A

CN IX X XI

77
Q

What cranial nerves with Parasympathetic innervation?

A

Parasympathetic:
III - Pupil: Miosis = Pupillary constriction
VII - Subli/Submn = Increase saliva secretion
IX - Parotid = Inc saliva
X - Heart = Dec rate /// GIT = Inc metabolism

78
Q

What are the VIT K dependent clotting factors produced by the liver?

A

II* - prothrombin
VII - Stable factor
IX - christmas factor
X - Stuart factor

79
Q

CF I

A

Fibrinogen

80
Q

CF II

A

Prothrombin

81
Q

CF III

A

Thromboplastin (Tissue factor)

82
Q

CF IV

A

Calcium

83
Q

CF V

A

Labile factor

84
Q

CF VI

A

Not yet approved**

85
Q

CF VII

A

Stable factor

86
Q

CF VIII

A

Antihemophilic factor

87
Q

CF X

A

Stuart factor

88
Q

CF XI

A

Plasma-Thromboplastin Antecedent

89
Q

CF XII

A

Hagemann factor

90
Q

CF XIII

A

Fibrin stabilizing factor

91
Q

Clotting factor deficient in Hemophilia A

A

CF VIII - Antihemophilic factor

8 - A - Anti

92
Q

Deficient in Hemophilia B

A

CF IX - Christmas factor

93
Q

Deficient in Hemophilia C

A

CF XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

94
Q

Most important clotting factor

A

CF VIII - Antihemophilic factor

95
Q

Clotting time

A

8 to 15 minutes

96
Q

Bleeding time

A

1 to 3 mins

97
Q

Bleeding is possible to stop even without blood clot because of

A

Platelet plug

98
Q

2 components of blood clot

A

Platelets

Fibrin

99
Q

Meshlike structure

A

Fibrin

100
Q

Electrolyte important for blot clotting

A

Calcium

101
Q

2 pathways in Coagulation cascade

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways

102
Q

Pathway wherein body is capable of forming blood clot without exposure to external environment

A

Intrinsic pathway

103
Q

Pathway in formation of blood clot wherein body is exposed to external environment

A

Extrinsic pathway

104
Q

Common factor of INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC pathway

A

CF X / Stuart factor

105
Q

What are attached to CF X

A

Calcium
CF V - Labile factor
(“CaVX”)

106
Q

Precursor of fibrin

A

Fibrinogen

107
Q

Best to form blot clot: For clotting factors to meet

A

Pressure pack

108
Q

CaVX waits for ____

A

Prothrombin (II)

109
Q

Converts Prothrombin to Thrombin

A

Ca V X

110
Q

Precursor of Thrombin

A

Prothrombin (II)

111
Q

Liver produces what clotting factor that is also the precursor of fibrin

A

Fibrinogen (I)

112
Q

Thrombin waits for what clotting factor to produce FIBRIN (XIII)

A

CF I - Fibrinogen

113
Q

In hemophilia: problem?
Clotting time =
Bleeding time =

A

Clotting time increased!

Normal bleeding time

114
Q

Lab test that measures how fast can the EXTRINSIC pathway activate Factor X (Stuart factor)

A

Prothrombin Time

“PeT”

115
Q

Normal PT (Prothrombin time)

A

PT = 9 to 13s

116
Q

Lab test that measures how fast can INTRINSIC pathway activate Factor X

A

Partial prothrombin time (“PTiT”)

117
Q

Normal PTT (Partial thromboplastin time)

A

PTT = 25 to 35s
(Basahin PTiT pabaligtad twice)
Twen Ty Pave / To Thirty Pave

118
Q 
Beq: Normal PT
5-7
10-20
20-30
40^
A

10-20s (closest to 9-13s)

119
Q

Normal Bleeding time

A

1-3s

boards = 2-3s

120
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mL

121
Q

Normal RBC count

A

5M cells/ml

122
Q

Life span of platelets

A

10 days

123
Q

Most numerous papillae

A

Filiform

124
Q

Only papillae without taste buds

A

Filiform

125
Q

Mushroom or fungus shape

TIPS and SIDES of tongue

A

Fungiform

126
Q

Found posterolaterally of tongue

A

Foliate

127
Q

Found in V shape sulcus of tongue
Largest
Least numerous papillae

A

Circumvallate

128
Q

Functional unit of brain

A

Neuron

129
Q

3 parts of neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

130
Q

Cell body is aka (2)

A

Perikaryon / SOMA

131
Q

Wear and tear pigment

Yellowish granules found in Aging cells

A

Lipofuschin / Lipochrome

132
Q

What are the clusters of RER that looks granules in light microscope?

A

Nissl body

133
Q

Receives the information and brings it TOWARDS the cell body

A

Dendrites

134
Q

Propagates nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body

A

Axon

135
Q

Joins(lock) axon to cell body

A

Axon hillock

136
Q

Plasma membrane of axons

A

Axolemma

137
Q

Outer covering sheath of myelinated axons

A

Neurolemma

138
Q

Side(lateral) branches of axon

A

Axon collaterals

139
Q

Benign tumor of Schwann cells (myelin)

A

Schwannoma or Neurilemmoma

140
Q

Disease with Neurilemmoma, Cafe au lait, Crowe’s freckles in the axilla, Lisch nodules in the iris

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

141
Q

Other name for Neurofibromatosis type I

A

Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin

142
Q

Neurofibromatosis Type I

4 Features:

A

Neurilemmoma
Cafe au lait spots
Crowe’s freckles
Lisch nodules

143
Q

What is the point from which nerve impulses arise?

A

Trigger zone

144
Q

What is the site of communication of two neurons or between neurons and effector cells?

A

Synapse

145
Q

What part of the brain can you find the specialized neurons called PURKINJE cells?

A

Cerebellum

146
Q

What part of the brain can you find the specialized neurons called PYRAMIDAL cells?

A

Cerebrum (ant 📐)

147
Q

“Afferent” ; Towards CNS

A

Sensory neurons

148
Q

“Efferent” ; Away from CNS to effectors or muscles/glands

A

Motor neurons

149
Q

“Association” ; connect afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneurons

150
Q

Supporting cells of the nervous system

A

Neuroglia

151
Q

Glial cells are derived from

A

Neural crest cells

152
Q

2 cells derived from the neural crest cells

A

Glial cells

Melanocytes

153
Q

Star shaped CNS neuroglia

A

Astrocytes

154
Q

Largest and most numerous CNS Neuroglia

Found near Blood vessels

A

Astrocytes

155
Q

Cns neuroglia that forms the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIES

A

Astrocytes

156
Q

CNS neuroglia that Forms the myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

157
Q

Macrophage of the brain

A

Microglia

158
Q

Cells lining the VENTRICLES of the brain

A

Ependymal cells

159
Q

CNS neuroglia that produces CSF

A

Ependymal cells

160
Q

Forms the BLOOD-CSF BARRIER

A

Ependymal cells

161
Q

Cells that forms the BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER

A

Sertoli cells

162
Q

Group of Ependymal cells are called?

A

Choroid Plexus

163
Q

Part of brain which produces CSF are called?

A

Ventricles*

164
Q

CSF came from: (3 possible sa beq)**

A

Ependymal cells
Choroid plexus
Ventricles

165
Q

What structures reabsorbs CSF?

A

Arachnoid villi

166
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Cushion
Shock absorber
Protects brain

167
Q

What are the GAPS between myelin sheath?

A

Nodes of ranvier

168
Q

What tyoe pf nerve conduction is seen in MYELINATED axons

A

Saltatory conduction (Leaping=faster)

169
Q

Type of conduction in UNMYELINATED axons

A

Continuous conduction

170
Q

Largest ventricle of the brain

A

Lateral ventricle

171
Q

What Le fort is most common to produce CSF Rhinorrhea?

A

Le fort II (sa boards*)

172
Q

Forms the myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cells

173
Q

Participates in AXON REGENERATION

A

Schwann cells

174
Q

Other names for Le fort I (3)

A

Transverse MAXILLARY fracture
Horizontal fracture of Maxilla
Guerin’s fracture

175
Q

TRANSVERSE fracture

A

Le fort III

176
Q

Pyramidal fracture

A

Le fort II

177
Q

During development of embyo optic placodes that forms the eyes are on the lateral sides : Do eyes migrate to the center?

A

No: There’s Enlargement of Forebrain

178
Q

Treatment for Skeletal class II patients

A

Le fort I

179
Q

Treatment for Crouzon’s syndrome or Craniofacial dysostosis 🐸

A

Intentional LE FORT III

180
Q

Frog face

A

Crouzon’s syndrome or craniofacial dysostosis

181
Q

2 presentations of Le fort III

A

Racoon eyes / Panda eyes 🐼

Battle’s sign (Mastoid ecchymosis)

182
Q

Mastoid ecchymosis

A

Battle’s sign in Le fort III

183
Q

Diff dx of Le fort III fracture ; presented with racoon eyes and battle’s sign also

A

Basilar fracture

184
Q

Fracture of cranial base

A

Basilar fracture

185
Q

CSF Pathway Mneumonic

“Little Infant Try Crying For Food Sorry”

A

Lateral ventricle > Interventricular foramen > Third ventricle > Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius > Fourth Ventricle

Fourth ventricle > Foramen of Magendie (midline) > Subarachnoid space

Fourth ventricle > Foramen of Luschka > Subarachnoid space

186
Q

Temporary storage site of CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

187
Q

What foramen when fourth ventricle passes the midline

A

Foramen of Magendie

188
Q

Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle

A

Foramen of Luschka

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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